What are the effects of a new experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What are the effects of a new experience - Essay Example This paper discusses some of the effects of experience. New experiences alter an individual’s concepts about the subject of experience. Let’s examine the case from the perspective of a child. Children are brave because they have no knowledge of the dangers associated with things like plugs. A child would be less than half as reluctant as an adult to intrude his finger into a plug turned on because he does not know that it can hurt. However, when the child has had an experience of being hurt by an electric shock upon the intrusion of finger into the plug at least once, he would remember for the next time the potential danger associated with the act, and would become just as reluctant to do the act in the future as an adult, because the two would have, at this stage, gained the same amount of knowledge about the dangers of electricity. From this example, it can be estimated that experiences shape an individual’s approach towards different matters of life. The chang ed perception tells an individual what course of action should be adopted in similar circumstances in the future.

Article summary Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Summary - Article Example Humor and laughter are closely related however these are not synonymous. One can laugh without a humorous stimulus and similarly one can experience humor without laughter. Historically humor history is perceived to be 35000 years old. Almost every culture spends appreciable time communicating in a humorous context. No single humor theory is universally accepted however, three essential themes, are repeatedly observed in the majority of humor theories: 1) humor reflects a set of incongruous conceptualizations, 2) humor involves repressed sexual or aggressive feelings, and 3) humor elevates social status by demonstrating superiority or saving face. It has been discussed that animals also show response to humorous behavior. With respect to genetics, it has been observed that women laugh 126% more than men during conversations with each other. Brain damage, particularly in the frontal lobes, causes deficits of humor appreciation. The elucidation of the neurobiology of humor has benefited from two approaches: 1) observing the effects of various brain lesions on humor perception and 2) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, which monitor brain activity in normal subjects while perceiving humor. Despite language and cultural barriers, humor in traditional societies is generally comprehensible to visiting anthropologists. Two humor phenomena especially standout in the anthropological literature: joking relationships and clowns. There is no way to know with certainty when humor evolved relative to language although it would appear that at least sophisticated humor must have succeeded language. The credible range for the origins of language lands between a few hundred thousand years to about 2-4 million years ago. There is increasing evidence that a new level of symbolic thought was achieved around 50,000 years ago. A figurine integrating the head of a lion with the legs of a person dated around 32,000 years old is among the earliest evidence for symbolic art. Humor can perhaps be framed as an incongruent social concept â€Å"violating† the essence of a congruent social concept. Dunbar (1993) has put forward a theory that, in primates, neocortical size is proportional to group size and that language ultimately replaced grooming as the primary social bond .Humor is a fascinating cognitive function. The relative ease in how we use it belies its considerable complexity. To conclude humor appears to be a function of Homo sapiens’ augmented social abilities and as an extension of language, could perhaps be the most complex cognitive function in the animal kingdom. The origins of language, spirituality, hominid group size and animal teasing may have particular relevance to humor. A number of humankind’s higher cognitive functions could well be inextricably rooted in humor’s evolutionary history, thus making this subject worthy of further exploration. Works Cited Polimeni & P.Riess , â€Å"The First Joke: Explor ing the Evolutionary Origins of Humor†, Evolutionary Psychology human-nature.com/ep – 2006. 4: P347-366,JPReiss@cc.umanitoba.ca Web 23 Mar 2011, http://www.epjournal.net/filestore/ep04347366.pdf [Professor’s Name] [Writer’s Name] [Course Title] [Date] Laughter; A scientific investigation Laughter is part of universal human vocabulary, produced and recognized by all people of all cultures. Laughter is instinctive behavior programmed by our genes, not by vocal community in which we grow up. Laughter can

Economics School-Based Assessment Essay Example for Free

Economics School-Based Assessment Essay Introduction LIME, an acronym for Landline, Internet, Mobile, Entertainment, is owned by the British based Cable Wireless Communications. The company formed from the integrated businesses of Cable Wireless in the Caribbean which adopted the LIME name on 3rd of November 2008. With people spending a lot of time accomplishing tasks and doing researches, the internet has becomevery important to individuals nowadays. Without the internet some individuals think that they cannot survive because of how it is used to provide a variety of information and communication facilities in order to get the work done quickly and/or enjoy one’s self with family and friends. People are becoming very lazy and find it difficult to open a book to find information, so instead they use the internet to gather the information quickly. Businesses also use the internet to do market researches and many other activities. The internet has basically any and every thing. More than 50% of homes in Jamaica has internet and for those that cannot afford the internet, the Government has provided facilities to them. With people wanting to send or receive emails, use search engine to gather information, looking for hobby or interest on the web.I have decided to do an investigationof the Internet Service industry within Jamaica with reference specifically to LIME . Acknowledgement I would like to thank everyone who would have contributed to the completion of this School-Based Assessment. First of all I would like to thank God firstly for the opportunity to do such a project and also for the wisdom, strength and understanding to complete this assignment. Other people who I would like to thank are: My Economics teacher for her constant advices and willingness to help. All those who answered the questionnaires distributed. My family for helping and supporting me during the execution of this project. Objectives of research The aims of this investigation are: 1. To establish the type of relationship there is between price and quantity demanded for internet service at LIME. 2. To examine of the principal factors affecting the demand of LIME and Flow 3. To examine the price elasticity of demand of internet service at LIME and Flow 4. To determine whose internet service can mainly be found in form 5 of the St. Martins secondary school. 5. To briefly examinethe market structure for internet service in Jamaica. 6. To briefly examine the market conditions affecting the supply of internet service at LIME and Flow in Jamaica. Methodology:The SBA was conducted in my community. Primary Sources: 1. Questionnaire: Twenty questionnaires were shared out to students in form 5 of the St. Martin’s secondary school. 2. Interview:The managers of LIME and Karib Cable were interviewed to obtain information such as how they attract customers to their business. Secondary Sources: 1. Textbooks: Economics textbooks were used to have a clear understanding of the Laws of Demand and Supply. 2. Internet: The websites listed in the bibliography were used to further clarify economic concepts to enhance the school-based assessment. 20 questionnaires were given to the students of form 5 in the Community of. Two interviews were conducted with the managers of LIME and Flow outlets inOchi rios. The internet service industry in Jamaica is one of an Oligopoly market structure. Thus, there are only a few large firms, Homogeneous or differentiated products, imperfect knowledge of the market, they are price makers with price rigidity and also have many buyers. As such, there are little competition levels which ideally lead to the producers satisfaction and welfare. After the data were collected from the questionnaire, I discovered that all the participants were between the ages of 16-17. The study as shown that LIME’s internet service was the most  demanded internet service in Guys hill. Question 1 )10 of the students who were given questionnaires had access to the internet at their homes. This may due to the addiction to social networking or the need of having the internet to gather information. Since the internet is the quickest way of gathering information and communicating with others the demand for internet would be high. Question 2: In question (2) 60% of the students said that they have LIME’s internet service while 40% have Flow internet service. The fact that more students preferred LIME’s internet service shows that some method of attracting customers that Flow is lacking. Based on the supply information gained from the interviews, these methods include the sponsoring of events and other methods. Effective use of these methods can increase the demand for internet, lower production cost, will result in a decrease cost price and lead to an extension of demand, all of which increases a firm’s profits. Question 3: The question â€Å"Who pays for the internet you have access to† was asked in question 3. Majority (80%) of the students said that they parents pays for the internet while the other 20% said that their grandparents pays for the internet. This shows that even students may have the desire and the willingness to pay for the internet service; they are not backed by t he ability to pay for it. Question 4: All (20) of the students said that the person who pays for the internet at their home currently has a job. This shows that persons who have jobs are the ones who have ability to pay for internet service at their homes. Question 5: In relation to question 5 responses, 16 of the persons who pay for the internet are full-time employees while the other 4 are part-time. The 16 full-time employees who might be eligible for benefitshave LIME’s internet service and this might be so maybe because of personal preference and wanting top quality service. Question 6: 16 students said that the person who pays for their internet occupational classification is white collar while the other 4 said its blue collar.The 4 blue collar workers internet service provider is Flow, which shows that people who receive less income prefers Karib Cables internet service maybe because of the price of the service. Question 7: In relation to question 8, 18 of the students use the internet mostly for social networking while the other 2 uses it for information. Sites like facebook  and twitter are social networking sites that enable users to communicate with each other by posting information, comments, messages, images, ect and these sites have become the most popular website on the internet. So therefore students may have a deep desire to have internet service to use these sites. Question 8: According to question 7 90% of the students use the internet on a daily basis. Based on the questionnaire this is due to addiction to social networking by these students. The other 10% uses it weekly and this is due to the need of gathering information. Question 9: In question 9 the question was asked â€Å"What is the main factor of choosing your internet service provider?† Many factors affect the demand for a specific internet service such as preference, price of the internet and advertisement. 60% of the students said that it’s because of preference while the other 40% said that it’s because of price of the internet service. This may be so because people may have a greater liking for a certain internet service because of its reliability. No onewants to be experiencing difficulties with the internet while surfing. Question 10: 8 persons said that they pay a price range of $800-$1000 while12 persons said that they pay from $1300-$1500 According to the information on the questionnaires the 12 persons who pays at the price range of $1300-$1500 internet service provider is Lime, which shows that flows rates are a little cheaper than LIME’s rates. Question 11: All of the students internet speed is 1 megabyte per sec. Although LIME and flow provides 4mbps, which is a lot faster than 1mbps shows that people only have the ability to pay for 1mbps a month. Question 12: According to question 12, 60% of these students don’t experience any problems at times, while the other 40% experiences problems. The 60% of students who don’t experience any problems internet service provider is LIME. This means that even though LIME’s rates are a little more expensive, they provide better service than Flow and that is why LIME attracts more customers to their services. The fact that LIME’s internet service is more expensive may due to the cost of production. Question 13: 6 of the students who experience problems said that they experience slow internet at times, while the other 2 students said that at times they don’t have internet at times. Question 14: In relation to question 14 these problems were experienced daily by 25% of these student, 25% weekly and 50% of the students who experience problems experiences monthly. Question 15: The question â€Å"If the price for your internet was $1000 a month for 1MBPS (Mega Bytes per Second), you would purchase â€Å"20% of the students said that they would purchase 2mbps at $1500 per month. This shows that persons have the desire and willingness to purchase 2mbps but they don’t have the ability to do so. Question 16: 50 % of the students showed willingness to purchase 2mbps at $1500 per month. As price increases from $1500 to $2000 for 2mbps, the quantity demanded decreased thus, the law of demand stands (as prices increase, demand decreases). The P.E.D was calculated as -0.15, indicating price inelasticity. As the price increases from $1500to $2000, demand also decreases and the Law of demand is also obeyed. The P.E.D. in this case was -0.3, thus indicating in another price inelasticity. Findings 1. There is a negative relationship between the prices of internet service and the quantity demanded. This simply means as price increases, quantity demanded decreases and as price decreases, the quantity demanded increases. 2. The principal factor affecting for internet service is one’s preference. 3. Internet service is price inelastic, therefore the quantity demanded is unresponsive to changes in price. 4. The existence of foreign firms (LIME) in the local economy can create good competition and result in higher consumer satisfaction. Recommendations Both LIME and Flow can endeavor into improving in the following areas if they haven’t already done so in order to boost sales and have a better competitive stance: Flow should use suggestion boxes to get feedback from customers about problems they face. Increase advertising to make the customers to have a greater liking for their internet service since preference is the factor affecting demand. The government should open up the market for internet service further. This would add to competition. Competition would lower prices and also keep money in the country since LIME is owned by the British base money is most likely exported out of the country. Sponsor more events that are taken place in the country. Sell 2MBPS at cheaper rates since more people are demanding 2MBPS. Conclusion In this investigation between LIME and Flow, I have come to realize the major role that economics plays in the operation of a business. It was deduced that LIME is a better internet service provider than Flow since bigger consumer market and their customers experience no problems. Bibliography Book: Websites: http://www.time4lime.com/vc/internet.jsp http://www.Flow.com

Far From The Madding Crowd

Far From The Madding Crowd How does Thomas Hardy gain sympathy for his female characters in Far From The Madding Crowd? Sympathy allows us to walk in someone elses shoes. It gives us the ability to recognise another persons perspective on a situation and offer emotional support. Thomas Hardy witnessed the conspicuous class distinctions of the late nineteenth century. He felt strongly about the social divide between men and women, deliberately setting his novel before The Married Womens Property Act was published. Although these laws are not beneficial in terms we understand today, it represented a significant development of womens right. Far From The Madding Crowd is set in the early 19th century where women evidently had an inferior status compared to men, and were frequently limited on what they were permitted to do. Hardy aimed to challenge and redefine the role of women, through his unconventional illustration of his female protagonist, which challenged the Victorian ideology of the perfect lady. Throughout the novel Hardy illustrates a stark contrast between two females struggling through life in Patriarchal society. Bathsheba is portrayed as an independent, feisty, unconventional Victorian woman frowned on by society, in comparison to Fanny Robins character who conforms to the stereotypical ideology of Victorian women desperately seeking attention from the man she loves and living out the role of the victim. In the first chapter, Bathshebas character is immediately introduced as vain. This characteristic is portrayed through Hardys use of language she blushed at herself and clearly through Gabriels Oak observation but she has her faults vanity. She behaves in a very eccentric manner by unwrapping her looking glass and admiring herself attentively. She practises smiling to see how attractive she is to men. Here her selfish quality covers up her subconscious insecurities of feeling ashamed, weak and vulnerable, although she does not want to raise awareness of her anxiety, because she may feel that it makes her look fragile or inadequate as a woman farmer. She was constantly aware of how she was presented through other people opinions. Bathshebas vanity is the prominent, most excruciatingly obvious weakness, placing her in emotional dangerous situations. It was a direct result of her vanity, and her impetuous nature, that influenced Bathsheba to send Boldwood an anonymous valentines card. F eeling piqued by Boldwoods lack of interest resulting in Boldwood directing his attention to her. Bathsheba is placed in an unstable marriage with Troy, after Troy indulges her vanity by consistently praising her beauty and youthful looks Bathsheba instantly believes she is love with him, her heart erratically flitting hither and thither from perplexed excitement. Agreeing to meet Troy in secret at night, Troy kisses her set her stinging as if lame to the very hollow of her feet. Bathsheba jealously is aroused when Troy announces that he is considering marring another woman, preventing this possible affront to her vanity, Bathsheba marries Troy. Bathsheba faced the adversity of living in a male dominant society attitudes towards women in the 19th century. She illustrates a very independent woman who opposed the preconceived idea of a womans role in the 19th century by inheriting her uncles farm, and running the farm effectively. She is unconventional for being a farmer and a feminist in her own right, To manage everything with my own head and hands. We know that this quote is truthful due to the fact that upon catching her bailiff stealing she instantly dismisses him, and by doing the job herself has shown her supreme independence, confidence and what some conclude as, arrogance. This reveals yet another of her weaknesses-impulsiveness. The farm workers believe that having Bathsheba as their balif will bring them all to the bad, Bathsheba is very much out of place amongst a dominant male farming society. Her gender brings doubt and lack of faith amongst the farm workers; The other man would then shake his head. The language Hardy uses to describe the attitude of the Farm worker towards Bathsheba allows the reader to gain compassion toward the protagonist because of her moral intentions. For the farm workers, any change is wrong, but over time as Bathsheba begins to adapt their opinion on Bathsheba as a woman farmer changed she lightens up the old place . Troy married Bathsheba not because of his love for her but for her wealth. By The Married Womens Property Act in the 19th century, as a result of marriage a the husband was allowed to take his wifes earnings, Bathsheba could you let me have twenty pounds. This shows how Troy uses the law to take advantage of Bathsheba, by taking her money. By doing this Bathsheba feels out of her depth, she cannot cope with the thought that Troy is using her finance for his own goings on, but she still allows him to have complete control over her because she loves him. As the novel progresses, the audience undergo the emotional turmoil, which leads Bathshebas character as a self-reliant unconventional woman into a dependent, weaken fairly stereotypical woman. And what shall I do without you? The use of Hardys language illustrates how weakened and dependent she has become. Throughout the novel, Bathsheba confides in Gabriel expecting and needing Gabriel to advise and support her on her decision until she meets Troy and confides in him too You will, Frank, kiss me too! Hardys language portrays how desperate Bathsheba has become, in chapter 43 Fannys revenge Bathsheba shows generosity towards Fanny and her baby when she lay flowers from the vase around her head, knew of no other way of showing kindness but jealously is also displayed towards Fanny and the baby when she sprang towards him shouting with all the passion Dont kiss them kiss me too! By analysing the meaning of her name the reader is able to learn more about her character. Her first name Bathsheba has a biblical reference. Bathsheba represents all that is forbidden and is ironically often characterised as the malevolent temptress, which holds great similarity to Bathsheba (Davids Wife) who was the wife of Uriah who committed adultery with David, she later married him after he had ordered the killing of her husband. We can relate this story to the character of Bathsheba Everdene for she was willing to marry someone for security and not for love, demonstrated through her relationship with Boldwood. Not surprisingly though, being so independent she does not rate marriage very highly, I should not mind being a bride at a wedding if I could be without having a husband. This shows us that she is not very keen on the love and marriage. However, her surname is in direct contrast to her first. Her surname Everdene can also be associated into how she visualised herself a fair product of nature and as the meaning of her surname suggests; timeless qualities of nature. This may also have been relevant as to where she felt most contented, and where she did not have to impress anyone. I think her surname shares a link to the inner Bathsheba, which is hidden underneath her outstanding eccentric characteristics. She is consistently hardworking and independent; this could be why she was so successful in managing her uncles farm. It gave her a chance to relax and clear her mind from all the chaos that surrounded her constantly. Throughout the course of Far From The Madding Crowd, Bathsheba experiences multiple changes in her character, drastically changing her behaviour and overturning her personality for the best during her increasingly turbulent life. While Bathsheba has many good qualities and pleasant aspects to her character, she also possesses a number of weaknesses that dramatically affected her life, hence humanising her for the audience sympathy. At the beginning of the novel Bathsheba could be described as arrogant for her stubborn behaviour she displays to the waggoner as she pays the man at the tollgate an inadequate amount of money, she says that enough that Ive offered and she wont pay anymore. She behaves in a disdainful way with him. She looks down on him as someone who is there to take orders from her. This haughtiness is derived from some sense of superiority. But as the story progresses and she is introduced to Troy she is weaken by him into a vulnerable and stereotypical woman, which the reader begins to favour, and like. Hardys portrayal of the protagonists descent from an outspoken unconventional women to a stereotypical woman her husbands property, instantly gains the readers commiserations. Hardys relationship with his protagonist character can be defined as respected. He keeps an exceedingly close connection to Bathsheba allowing the reader to understand her situations throughout the novel. Hardys choice of enabling the reader to see her from Oaks point of view, gives the spectators opportunity to understand her decisions as Gabriel is portrayed as a modest and humble man for even when he lost his farm he moved forward. Passed through an ordeal of wretchedness. Therefore, for Gabriel to like such an unconventional woman suggest to the reader that there are many good points of her. Poor Bathsheba. This quote was emphasised by Hardy himself. Hardy shows sympathy for his protagonist with his use of emotive language, her eyes are so miserable that shes not the same woman . Fanny Robin is on the other end of the social hierarchy, she is a direct contrast of Bathsheba Everdene; Bathsheba has dark hair and wears bold clothes that highlight her personality crimson jacket. However, Fanny has yellow hair and could be easily portrayed has frail slight and fragile creature. Fanny is depicted as a shadowy figure, adding mystery to the plot. Hardy evokes sympathy for Fanny when she is first introduced in chapter seven, in Weatherbury churchyard where she is escaping from her daily job as a housemaid. When abreast of a trunk, which appeared to be the oldest of the old, he became aware that a figure was standing behind it she appears to be a timid girl that wants to go unnoticed if she could help it. Gabriel notices how weak and vulnerable she seems, as she is thinly clad. Gabriel shows his generosity by offering her a shilling, which she happily accepts. The audience instantly becomes aware of her lower social status and are confused by why she is running away from a secure environment. Fanny spent all of her life depending on others for her well being. Mr. Boldwood out of genoristy brought her up as she is an orphan. Boldwood represented a father figure to Fanny for she lost both her parents at an early age, He provided her with both an eductaion, Took her and put her to school and found her work Got her a place on The Everdenes farm. Orphan girls such as Fanny were placed in domestic work. Even though Boldwood provided her with a secure environment, she missed the presence of a mother figure. When Fanny meets Troy she is immediately portrayed as a pleading, desperate young lady. Now, dear Frank, when shall it be? Hardys use of language illustrates how desperate she is. But, through her difficult situation she never demands but instead pleads with Troy. Similar to Bathsheba, Fanny can also act unconventionally, for example when she runs away from the Everdenes farm to marry Troy although she is depicted as a vulnerable girl in a hostile landscape. This is effective in that it draws the readers sympathy for Fanny because of her weak stature and the harsh surroundings that she had to survive with each day. Ironically though her letter rejoicing in her forthcoming marriage she could be perceived as naive and premature. Through this Hardy again evokes sympathy and pity for Fanny when she goes to the wrong church and faces Troys wrath, This gave Troy a perfect opportunity to abandon Fanny and marry Bathsheba, unknowingly to Troy, Fanny is pregnant and destitute. She is a victim in this circumstance, a shadowy presence who reveals Troys fickleness when he flirts with Bathsheba. Fanny would be frowned upon for giving birth to an illegitimate child, with no husband by her side she would have to face this prejudice unaccompanied. Her determination helps her deal with her pregnancy. She still carries on her search for Troy despite her condition. This is the complete opposite to Troys nature. This shows that Fanny is naÃÆ'ĮÃÆ'‚ÂÂ ¯ve, she does not realise Troys true nature and that he is simply using her. Troys treatment towards Fanny contributes to the affection given by the reader to Fanny. In chapter 11- Outside the barrack, Troy is introduced for the first time in the novel he is immediately portrayed as a careless and thoughtless man, when he leaves Fanny outside the barrack in the cold weather the embrowning by frost. Hardy positions Troy so that the window he is in when conversing with Fanny is portrayed as a framing device symbolising his power over Fanny. Hardys use of language to describe the control Troy as over Fanny provokes the readers compassion to watch a weak lady being handled by a selfish man, who only cares for his own interest and health. Its obvious that Fanny is in love with Troy, as she tells him directly, Frank I love you so. also she walked most of the way to the barracks from Casterbridge proves how much she loves him but instead of sympathy for Fanny, Troys initial thought were well, you have to get some proper clothes. Consequently, Fanny conceals her pregnancy and supports herself until she goes to Casterbridge workhouse to have her baby. Hardy evokes sympathy for Fanny in this situation, because she could have demanded Troy to take care of her and the unborn baby, but she didnt, and in doing so demonstrate that she had respected Troys choice to marry Bathsheba. Realising how her social status and upbringing would have affected Troy, she left him alone. Fanny shows great courage and generous behaviour for she had so little, but yet payed the ultimate price of death. Hardys emotive explanation of Fannys intense exhaustion depicts in harrowing detail her last journey. The audience are able to emphasise every step she takes she crawled to the bridge Hardy illustrates a poignant picture of her suffering, with her little arms resting on a large dog dragging her to the workhouse where she awaits her death caused by giving birth to an illegitimate child. It is Fannys death and Troys realisation that he did love her in retrospect that finally annihilates their already deteriorating marriage between him and Bathsheba. This meeting enables Hardy to emphasise the irony of her role: she is used to highlight Troys character, until Bathsheba herself realises Troys true character. Gabriel leaves Fanny coffin to rest at Bathshebas house, which is near to where she will be buried the next day. On the coffin though it read Fanny Robin and Child Gabriel took his handkerchief and cautiously rubbed out the two final words, leaving one dedication Fanny Robin only. Gabriel did this to protect Bathsheba from getting hurt and maybe even to protect Troy from the embarrassment, as he was the father of an illegitimate child. From analysing Fannys surname Robin gives an idea of an animal that is small, fragile and beautiful but is also vulnerable and timid that hardy wanted to create connotations to her surname and this was just the simplicity of her character. In the end Hardy left Fanny with the most remarkable scene in the novel where the gurgoyle was dripping water all over her grave leaving it ruined. The persistent torrent from the gurgoyles jaws directed all of its vengeance into the grave . This is where Hardy has evoked the most sympathy for Fanny, as most readers would agree. Troy took Fanny for granted always expecting her to be there and only realised how much he loved her when she died, you dont know what you got till its gone . Throughout the novel, Fanny is presented as a victim of fate and circumstance. Her life is controlled by fate and chance and this portrays how her function for Hardy extends beyond the plot and the development of other characters. Fanny Robin has a minor role in the novel Far From the Madding Crowd however the sense cannot be said about the significance of the character Fanny Robin she is use to highlight Troys true character and represent a model of a Victorian women. Hardys use of language describe the grief of Fannys struggle as a stereotypical Victorian woman in a society that disregards mens error but excludes women for theirs. Through Hardys emotional descriptions, the reader is made to feel empathy for Fanny and her circumstance, O pity me, Lord!. Each time Fanny is seen in the novel, she is either traveling or waiting to meet her only love. Hardys pity is given to Fanny as he expresses in the text suffering woman showing his sorrow for Fanny. Hardy has presented his female characters in the most appropriate and effective way in order to draw sympathy from them. His use of men helped to evoke sympathy for his two female characters; for example Gabriel kind hearted generosity allowed the reader to sympathise with Bathsheba situations for she always came to him in desperate need of adviceAnd what shall I do without you? Gabriel was the first character to interact with Fanny noticing how desperate and weak she appeared. Another example is Sergeant Troy and his dismissal to Fanny immediately allows the reader to relate and understand her through her difficult circumstance. It was Troy that weakens Bathsheba in believing that he was the only man for her and going against all of her feminist rights. But towards the ending of the novel Hardy holds a great moral at which is to cherish everything you have in life because one day they might not be there.

Hopeful Hell: The Search for Hope in a Post-Apocalyptic World Essay

Death and destruction are the epitome of a doomed world. Everything is destroyed and murders march the streets at night. Hell on earth is a gentle description. Cormac McCarthy's speculation of the end of the world, however, ensures that evil is not victorious. The biblical allusions Cormac McCarthy addresses in The Road illuminate a sense of hope in a bleak, empty world. Despite a grim first impression, the repetitive imagery of ash represents hope according to symbolism found in the Bible. Ash becomes a natural setting, described throughout the whole book, with a seemingly melancholy mood. McCarthy introduces ash within the first pages: â€Å"Everything paling away into the murk. The soft ash blowing in loose swirls over the blacktop† (McCarthy 4). Normally, the connotations of ash create a dark gloomy atmosphere. McCarthy's intentional diction in this passage, however, create an opposing mood. The phrases â€Å"soft ash† and â€Å"loose swirls† create a relaxed image, allowing the ash to be interpreted in a hopeful manner. This hopefulness is enforced by the symbolism of ash in the Bible. After Adam and Eve committed the first sin, God warns them of his power, â€Å"For dust you are and to dust you will return† (Genesis 3:19). First of all, this verse exemplifies the great power of God. He created the complex human bod y out of mere dust. In relation to The Road, the ash represents the presence of a great power. This brings hope to the father and the son, knowing that the ability to create something out of the ash exists. Similarly, the concept of fire found throughout the novel, although serving as a representation of destruction, sheds light on the underlying theme of hope. We are led to believe, through various descriptions, that the world w... ...† describes the world as a puzzle to be solved. The answer is not easily deciphered, but rather is a learning experience. Secondly, the â€Å"thing which could not be put back† is the customs of the old world. The images of the old world and their meanings fade away, as the world fades away itself (Schaub). These things cannot â€Å"be made right again†. The meaning of the world is not gone. It just changed (Kunsa). The world is left with a â€Å"hum of mystery†, a place full of possibility and potential. This last paragraph brings hope to the future, and promises for a better world. Through many biblical allusions, the father and the son experience the affects of hope. Despite the destroyed world, they come together to survive the post apocalyptic world. The â€Å"good guys† bring hope for the future and for the defeat of evil. Promise and prospect will guide the new, hopeful world.

Everyoneís Song :: Essays Papers

Everyoneà ­s Song The question we must ask ourselves is: What do we want to communicate to our progeny over a hundred years from now in the UTD Time Capsule 2000? Choosing a song to let them know how à ¬grandà ® life is in our time would be a misrepresentation. There will be numerous remnants to display the beauty of our era. It might be more advantageous to impart the reality of our age in the time capsule. Overall, choosing à ¬Bitter Sweet Symphonyà ® for the time capsule will benefit our descendents. "Time Capsule" is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as "a container used to store for posterity a selection of objects thought to be representative of life at a particular time." The music in the UTD time capsule needs to be a symbol of our time, and our issues. There are many examples of what some might consider wonderful music: Beethoven, Mozart, Bach, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, and, hell, even Elvis. Nevertheless, they all symbolize another time, another generation. Throughout life we may experience the beauty of friendship, the pain of a loved oneà ­s death, the miracle of new life, the biting sting of betrayal, the humbling of loyalty, the gratification of sex, the sorrow of rape, the thrill of success, the magic of music, and the wonder of the movies. Life is bittersweet, full of both pleasure and pain. We can all be placed into molds, and expected to stay there. Take the cliques at school, for example. Some of us are born into our molds, and live in resignation; some deal with slurs like à ¬trailor trashà ® and possibly even legacyà ­s left behind by past generations (à ¬Heà ­s gonna be a good-for-nothing drunk like his daddy!à ®) Not all molds are negative in nature, some might be expectations others feel you should live up toÃâ€"(your big sister was a cheerleader, why arenà ­t you?) While some never shed societyà ­s molds, others spend their whole lives trying to break free. We are many different people, depending on anotherà ­s perspective. Richard Ashcroft, lead singer of The Verve, claims heà ­s à ¬a million different people from one day to the next,à ® but expounds he canà ­t change his mold. We all play parts: daughter/son, student, employee, friend, etc.

Rough Water Ahead

Required: 1. How should Smooth Sailings’ management perform the recoverability test for the cruise ship as of December 31, 2010? The following are the required steps to identify, recognize and measure the impairment of a long-lived asset (group) to be held and used: * Indicators of impairment — consider whether indicators of impairment are present. Test for recoverability — If indicators are present, perform a recoverability test by comparing the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the asset (group) in question to their carrying amounts (as a reminder, entities cannot record an impairment for a held and used asset unless the asset first fails this recoverability test). Measurement of an impairment — If the undiscounted cash flows used in the test for recoverability are less than the long-lived asset’s (group’s) carrying amount, determine the fair value of the long-lived asset (group) and recognize an impairment loss if the carrying amount of the long-lived asset (group) exceeds its fair value. What assets and liabilities should be included in the â€Å"asset group† as defined by ASC 360-10 for purposes of performing the recoverability test?For purposes of recognition and measurement of an impairment loss, a long-lived asset or assets shall be grouped with other assets and liabilities at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. Asset groups may include assets and liabilities outside the scope of ASC 360-10 (for example, goodwill — if certain conditions, discussed later, are met — and other non-amortizing intangible assets).In general, assets should be grouped when they are used together, that is, when they are part of the same group of assets and are used together to generate joint cash flows. If assets and/or liabilities are grouped for purposes of a test for recoverability, they are referred to as an ? asset group. How should the multiple operating scenarios impact the recoverability test? ASC 360-10 allows entities to use either a single-most-likely estimate of expected future cash flows (often referred to as a traditional or best-estimate approach) or a range of possible future outcomes (often referred to as a probability-weighted approach).However, if alternative courses of action to recover the long-lived asset (group) are under consideration or if a range is estimated for the amount of possible cash flows, the likelihood of possible outcomes should be considered. An entity is not required to use the probability-weighted approach, but it may be useful in considering the likelihood of possible outcomes. If the probability-weighted approach is used, the likelihood of possible outcomes should be considered in determining the best estimate of future cash flows. What impact should the potential foreclosure and extinguishment of debt have on the cash flows used t o perform the recoverability test? Generally, debt should not be included in an asset group because the lowest level of identifiable cash flows will typically not include cash flows associated with debt (i. e. , the principal payments associated with the debt). Further, the cash flows associated with debt principal payments are typically easy to identify; therefore, most entities will be able to eliminate the cash flows associated with debt from the cash flows of other assets and liabilities.However, in rare instances, if the lowest level of identifiable cash flows includes cash flows associated with debt principal payments and it is not practical to eliminate those cash flows (which would be more likely to occur when the asset group is a business or reporting unit), then the debt should be included in the asset group (i. e. , netted with the carrying amounts of the assets of the group) so as to maintain an appropriate comparison. This basis adjustment provides the same result as if the debt principal payments have been excluded (e. g. debt with a carrying value of $100 would have undiscounted cash flows of $100). As a reminder, the guidance in ASC 360-10 prohibits the inclusion of interest expense in assessing the recoverability of long-lived assets. When the FASB originally deliberated Statement 144, it considered and rejected requests for a limited exception to the fair value measurement for impaired long-lived assets that are subject to nonrecourse debt. Some constituents believed that the impairment loss on an asset subject entirely to nonrecourse debt should be limited to the loss that would occur if the asset were put back to the lender.The FASB decided not to provide an exception for assets subject to nonrecourse debt. In its basis for conclusions, the FASB explained that the â€Å"Recognition of an impairment loss and the recognition of a gain on the extinguishment of debt are separate events, and each event should be recognized in the period in whic h it occurs. The Board believes that the recognition of an impairment loss should be based on the measurement of the asset at its fair value and that the existence of nonrecourse debt should not influence that measurement. † (Statement 144, paragraph B34) 2.What impairment loss, if any, should be recorded as of December 31, 2010? As discussed above, if indicators of impairment exist for an asset (group) to be held and used, an entity determines whether the sum of the estimated undiscounted future cash flows attributable to the asset (group) in question is less than its carrying amount. If those undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying amount, then an entity will recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset (group) over its respective fair value.However, under ASC 820 cash flows used to determine fair value (using a present value technique) when determining the impairment loss (Step 3) must include assumptions that market partic ipants would use in their estimates of fair value. As a result, entities are not able to simply apply a discount rate to the cash flows used in Step 2 to determine fair value without first determining whether they reflect the expectations of market participants.Entities may use their own assumptions as a starting point in developing market participant assumptions and apply reasonable judgment in analyzing whether such assumptions are representative of market participant assumptions. The determination of market participant assumptions and their effect on fair value estimates are particularly subjective considering that the evaluation is being made for assets to be held and used. When multiple valuation techniques are used, the merits of each valuation technique and the underlying assumptions embedded in each of the techniques should be considered in evaluating and assessing the results.In this case, we do not know the assumptions for the estimated fair value of $3. 0 million and we c onsider the discounted cash flow is more reliable. The first step is to check impairment indicator. Because of an increased presence of pirate in the area which Smooth Sailing cruises, the cruise ship’s operating performance has significantly declined which has directly contributed to a decline in its overall fair value, and may indicate a potential impairment. In the second step, we did the recoverability test.The undiscounted cash flow is the sum of expected operating cash flow and the cash flow from the net working capital. Calculation is shown below: We use the probability-weighted approach to get the estimated future cash flow ($2. 30) which is smaller than the net book value. As a result, the cruise is not recoverable. In the third step, we calculated the impairment loss. We calculated the discounted cash flow as follow: So an impairment of 2. 44 million should be recorded, which is the difference between the net book value of 4. million and the discounted cash flow of 2. 16 million. The detailed calculation is included in the attachment â€Å"rough water ahead. xlsx† Alternate Facts: Would the outcome of the recoverability and impairment tests change if the probability assessment was revised such that there was a 50 percent, 40 percent, and 10 percent probability of scenarios A, B, and C occurring, respectively? If so, how? An impairment of 0. 62 million should be recorded. The calculation is included in the attachment â€Å"rough water ahead. xlsx†