Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Zara - Essay Example Several leading organizations are trying to implement business expansion strategy in order to develop a potential global client base and achieve significant market share growth. Zara has a strong global presence. The brand implemented a unique operation management strategy in the business processes which is totally different than other retailers selling similar types of apparels. Zara is known as a vertically integrated retailer. The organization has high control on each and every step in supply chain, manufacturing, designing and distribution of the products. The company has set up its own production factory in major areas around the globe (Jones and Robinson, 2012, p.29). It helped the organization to control each and every business operation process individually. Effective integration and close look at each and every business process help the organization to maintain a strong control on production and distributions. It is discussed earlier that the organization adopted different o peration strategy in business process unlike to the similar retailers or organizations. Zara adopted just-in-time approach in the business model in order to enhance the supply chain, inventory management, and logistics management and distribution management process. The manufacturing units are located in several parts in the world. It is true that the warehouses of Zara are located in Spain. 50 % of products are manufactured in Spain. The rest of the products are manufactured throughout the world. It is a significant example of effective operation process (Slack, Chambers and Johnston, 2010, p.97). It is true that, several leading organizations used to outsource products and services from the parent country. It increases the outsourcing cost and supply chain cost. Glocal manufacturing and distribution process helped Zara to cut down the outsourcing cost. Now-a-days, Zara is significantly trying to expand its business practices due to favourable external environmental factors. In add ition to this, strong global brand name is influencing Zara to implement global expansion strategy. Manufacturing factories in different places and strong vertical integration in business model are helping Zara to adopt and implement global expansion strategy quite successfully. Question 2 Zara, being one of the leading global apparel retain chain is facing several operation management issues in its global expansion strategy. It is discussed earlier that the organization adopted vertical integration strategy in the business model. In addition to this, the organization implemented just-in-time approach in the supply chain and distribution management process. Zara believes in lowest inventor management. Zara never goes for mass production and huge inventory. According to the management of Inditex group, large inventory can affect the product quality and brand image of the organization (Johnston, Clark and Shulver, 2012, p.76). The percentage of annual sales of Zara is lower that other potential competitors due to this reason. In addition to this, Zara used to avoid developing inventories in its supply chain part from the resources and raw materials to the end users. The brand designs and manufactures almost 10,000 new models in every year and distributes it to all the retailers twice per week. This system actually increases the inventory management cost. The organization believes that large inventory and limited logistics activity can reduce the exclusivity of the products as the organization tries to provide quality and exclusive products to the target customers. The organization faced

Reading Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading - Assignment Example The article notes that although, there are some negative impacts that are associated with the use of the internet, the benefits outweigh the drawbacks. The author precisely means that the internet makes people smarter. However, he notes that it do not necessarily make individuals smarter at all times (Whitney, 2010). The author makes use of an inductive argument and makes use of facts to convince the audience. These arguments are effective and convincing to the audience. I agree with the arguments expressed in the article since they are based on facts. His research is also based on those expressed by experts in different fields. The author’s major argument is based on the claim that the internet makes people smarter. Her sole purpose is to persuade and the arguments are based on opinions. The sources used in the article are reliable since most experts agree on one thing. The tone of the article is persuasive. There are no biases on the author’s side. Logos appeals are employed to evoke thinking. Not all important angles were covered as no statistics were provided to support the claim. This is also the weakness in the reasoning presented. I agree with the author because the internet has resulted to easy and quick access of all sorts of information. The ideas connected with mine based on the few setbacks that are linked with the internet. The article is titled â€Å"Critical Thinking Crucial in the Information Age† and was written by Massimo Pigliucci. The article stated that critical thinking is not given the significance it deserves in the modern world. This is supported by the arguments made by Socrates on knowledge (Pigliucci. 2011). The article states that knowledge and ignorance are both the major causes of evil. The author states that ignorance is the major cause of evil in the major cause of evil in the modern times. The article expresses that it is difficult for human beings to prove

Elderly Care Comparative Study | Research Methodology

Elderly Care Comparative Study | Research Methodology A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ELDERLY CARE AMONG HINDUS AND MUSLIMS IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF ALIGARH DISTRICT A comparative study of elderly care among major religious community of Aligarh district Introduction: Since time immemorial, across the world history, care affairs of the elderly were totally family concerns, carried out mostly at home by women and elder themselves (Bookman Kimbrel, 2011). In the twenty first century the needs, rights, concerns and problems of elderly persons are getting more attention of people from different walks of life i.e. social scientists, statesmen, administrators and social workers etc. Aging is neither a new phenomena nor a kind of ailment rather it’s a latter part of life cycle, considered one among the most challenging phenomena around the world- irrespective of developed and developing country as well. In, India, family based care of elderly is fastest growing concern for the big chunk of elderly population, about hundred million. This study seeks to highlight the existing pattern of care affairs of elderly in the informal setting, and interaction between elders and cares in the family. Here, more emphasis has given to peep into the nuts bolts of care relations among elderly and their family members. Research problems In the last couple of decades, innovation of wide range life saving drug, its availability and accessibility to common man have improved health of elderly, consequently the raised the life span of people worldwide and in India too, in contrast to previous normal age. That demanding lot of care and support for them includes medical, financial, psycho-social, spiritual and religious care. Now India is the home of about100 million people, taking care of elderly is of course a serious affair, can’t be left as it is going on. In due course of time, by the introduction of industrialization, urbanization and modernization in India, living style has drastically changed, where institution of joint family transformed into nuclear family. The industrial revolution not just change the people living standers, rather it’s too altered the age stratification resulting, lessen the power, prestige and importance of elderly people in society, finally, the elderly turn into social elite to social problems (macionics,2013). Because, the paradox, whether the responsibility of elderly care is a family matter or of government, becoming a matter of concern in India. Literature review Significance of study From the prehistoric time, India has been a country of care, love, affection, companionship and intimacy, where elder’s status remained matter of high consideration and elders considered as nucleus of power. Till the pre-independence era, most of the families were living jointly and agriculture was the major source of income and elders were the headed the family. But, after the industrialization, urbanization and modernization, joint family turned into nuclear family. Now, their position is no more, some time their status worst to social problems. Elderly people above the age of 60, have less resources, income and high life expectancies, require more, need, concerns and cares. Objectives of the study To undertake a socio-economic, and situational analysis of the condition of the elderly people in the family. To comprehend the pattern of family based elderly care practices in terms of various parameters such as religion, area (Rural-Urban), class and gender etc. To develop an extensive list of needs and difficulties as faced by elders in the family. To decipher psycho-social and emotional conditions of elderly people and associates factors. To identify the influence of religion and religiosity on care of elderly. To critically assess the changing value systems and social institutions that impinges upon the care and social support system with reference to the elderly. To study the level of awareness among the elderly as regards policies, programmes and legislatives provisions safeguards in India. Key Words: elderly, elderly care, family based care practice, religion and religiosity Conceptual framework Research questions This study will focus on the comparison care concerns and status of elderly care in the family among Hindus and Muslims in different settings i.e. rural and urban area. Further will seek to answer the following important questions concerning family based Elderly Care. What are the existing system and patterns of elderly care in the family? What are the dimensions and the level of care provided by the family members? Who is the responsible person for the care of elderly in the family? What is the quality of the elderly care in the family settings? What are the major day to day challenges of elderly care in the family? What is the impact of structural changes in the family on elderly care? What are the sources of livelihood of elderly people? What is the attitude of elders toward the care provided by family members? What is the level of satisfaction among elderly about their care? What are the role of religion and religiosity on care relation and care of elderly in the family? What are the differences and similarities in the family based elderly care among Hindus and Muslims in rural areas. Research Methodology Scope of the study This study will focus to study the day to day pattern of care relation and care of elderly and most possible issues and challenges, encountering elderly people within the family. This study will explore the level of differences and similarities of elderly care, among Hindus and Muslims family on the one hand and rural and urban on the other hand. Universe and Sample The study will be conducted in the selected rural and urban areas of Utter Pradesh, particularly in Aligarh District. The basic respondent of the study will be elderly people (60 or more age) and their potential caregiver in the family. Sampling Frame First of all, willing elderly people for being respondent for the purpose of study will be enlisted, respective to their economic classes, religion and sex, would be helpful to have proper result of the study. Sampling Method Sample Design As elderly care is personal and sensitive issue the sample would be selected on the basis of purposive sampling stratification of the universe will be on the basis of religion (Hindu Muslim), areas (rural urban) economic class (upper, middle and lower), and sex. SAMPLE DESIGN Tools and techniques for the data collection This study would be based on qualitative as well as quantitative data. Therefore mixed approach will be adopted, includes survey research for quantitative data to have empirical analysis and qualitative methods i.e. interview schedule and case study method will be used to comprehend a comprehensive and wider description to fill the gap of quantitative data. Through, direct observation and in-depth interview of elders, issues and concerns of their care in the family would be more elaborated and will cover all aspect of their care life, includes, their living arrangement, relationship with family members, in the family References Bookman, A. Kimbrel, D. (2011) Families and elder care in the twenty-first century. Princeton University, 21 (2), 117-140. Macionics, J.J. (2013) Social problems. New Jersey: Pearson publication.

False Memory Syndrome Essay -- Psychology Disorders Essays

False Memory Syndrome How accurate and reliable is memory? "Studies on memory have shown that we often construct our memories after the fact, that we are susceptible to suggestions from others that will help us fill in the gaps in our memories" (Carroll 6). Prior to reading and discussing the issue of False Memory Syndrome, I hadn’t thought much about the topic. Maybe a person who had experienced this would be more educated. I did however find it very interesting to research and my beliefs or feelings about it now exist and will be shared at a later time. The purpose of this paper is to describe what False Memory Syndrome is and summarize some of the facts that have been gathered through previous research and my own research. The definition of False Memory Syndrome, according to the Random House Compact Unabridged Dictionary, is a "psychological condition in which a person believes that he or she remembers events that have not actually occurred" (Freyd 3). Dr. John F. Kihlstrom, a professor of psychology at Yale University also suggests that FMS is a condition in which a person’s identity and interpersonal relationships are centered around memory of traumatic experience which is objectively false, but in which the person strongly believes. This false memory has been so deeply ingrained that is often interferes with the individuals personality and lifestyle. The disorder will sometimes be destructive because the individual will avoid any type of confrontation that might challenge the memory. This often distracts the person from coping with everyday life challenges (Freyd 2). When a couple was accused by their own daughter for abuse that had never happened, the couple, Pamela and Peter Freyd, formed the False ... ... Works Cited Pendergrast, Mark. Victims of Memory: Sex Abuse Accusations and Shattered Lives. Hinesburg: Upper Access, Inc. Ofshe, Richard and Ethan Watters. Making Monsters: False Memories, Psychotherapy, and Sexual Hysteria. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1994. Carroll, Robert Todd. "Memory." The Skeptics Dictionary. 1998. http://dcn.davis.ca.us/~btcarrol/skeptic/memory.html (01 Dec 2000). Hochman, John, M.D. "Recovered Memory Therapy and False Memory Syndrome." Altedena: Skeptics Society, 1994. http://www.skeptic.com/02.3.hochman- fms.html (20 Nov 2000). Freyd, Pamela, Ph.D. "Frequently Asked Questions." Philadelphia: False Memory Syndrome Foundation. Sept. 1995. http://www.fmsfonline.com/fmsffaq.html. (20 Nov 2000). Freberg, Laura. Stand!. Boulder: Coursewise Publishing Inc., 1999.

The Contrast Between Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Roman Polanski’s Macbeth

The Contrast between Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Roman Polanski’s Macbeth Shakespeare’s play Macbeth is a tragedy that plots the fall and death of once a great man, revealing how ambition can lead to downfall. Many directors and producers have tried to portray his play into modern films but Roman Polanski produced the most successful Macbeth film, but Roman Polanski’s movie Macbeth changes many details that the viewer is unable to fully experience the catharsis. Tragedy is built on the idea that the audience can sympathize with the tragic hero and therefore experience a strong emotional response at the ending. They both were based on the same plot however Polanski’s Macbeth is not a proper tragedy when compared to Shakespeare’s Macbeth because of the difference in the relationship between Donnalbain and his brother Malcolm, the focus of death and violence, and lastly the key modifications that are seen through the different approaches of the characteristics and acts of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. During Roman Polanski’s film it is noticed that Donnalbain envies his brother Malcolm, thus creating more mysteries and suspense. Their relationship was so similar in the play however in the film it seems as if Donnalbain does not like his brother because during the time when King Duncan was alive, Malcolm was given the title as the Prince of Cumberland and Donnalbain received no title or land from their father. After Malcolm was crowned, it appeared as Donnalbain was jealous and upset because of the way Donnalbain expresses his facial appearance and his attitude towards Malcolm. Yet, in the play after the death of King Duncan, Donnalbain fled to Ireland and did not return through the whole play. Another aspect that in the film which was so different was the ending of the film. In the play, Malcolm stated a famous speech to end the play, â€Å"What’s more to do, which would be planted newly with the time, as calling home our exiled friends abroad that fled the snares of watchful tyranny, producing forth the cruel ministers of this dead butcher and his fiendlike queen†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (V. iii. 66-71). This speech was the statement that represented that Malcolm has brought Scotland back on its feet and on the right track, which portrayed the end of Macbeth Era and his evil deeds. This was the ending of the play but however in the film Roman Polanski added a twist in the film that would bring the cycle of bloodshed back into Scotland when it illustrated that Donnalbain has returned from exile and he stumbled into the witches on the way. This foreshadowed that the deeds Macbeth did to become king will arise again but this time Donnalbain will be behind it all. In the film, the deaths and the violence are shown in a way with more information than what the play describes and it vaguely changes the plots with the showing of these deaths. There were many deaths in the films that were not in the play, but that caught many viewer’s eyes was an onset death that was not portrayed in the film. Roman Polanski depicted the murder of King Duncan outstandingly because the audience never had the feel of how King Duncan was actually killed since it was an offset scene in the play. Also because of the blood and gore, and how it seemed as if Macbeth was actually being pleased by stabbing the King all over his body. However, in the play King Duncan’s death was an offset because Shakespeare could not have done it because King James, who was the king at that time, would not have liked a king being killed on stage. Nevertheless, in the play King Duncan’s death was different from the film simply because it was an offset scene and was not portrayed at all. In the play, Macbeth is depicted in such a way that the audience can sympathize for the tragic hero, however in the film he was portrayed more as villain rather than a tragic hero. In Roman Polanski’s version of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is known to the audience as a sweet respectful woman and more of a tragic character because it did not reveal the part where she wants to abandon her womanhood as it does in the play. She is depicted as courteous woman because of her tone and how she deals with Macbeth such as kissing him when he returns from battle, respecting some of his demands, and not threatening him to do something of her wish. In addition, since she committed suicide in the film by jumping off the balcony or stairs. However, in the play it’s the other way around. Macbeth is known as the politer and subtle human being of the couple and Lady Macbeth is described as a rogue because of her undertakings that are very unusual of a woman. She states, â€Å"Does unmake you. I have given suck, and know how tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me. I would, while it was smiling in my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you have done to this†(I. vii. 55-60) to her husband, Macbeth. This is in the play when Lady Macbeth emotionally blackmails Macbeth to killing Duncan and manipulates and takes advantage of Macbeth and tells him he’s a coward if he doesn’t kill King Duncan, which was not illustrated in the film at all. This reveals how different the film represented Macbeth than the play. Through Lady Macbeths great persuasion he did not express much remorse and repentance after murdering King Duncan and Banquo in the film, this was indicated thought Macbeth’s expressions throughout the film since it seemed as if he totally forgotten about what he had done for all the wealth, power and kingship. On the contrary, throughout the play it seemed as if Macbeth was always repenting his crimes worrying about the consequences that he will face if anyone found out the deeds he committed. This gives complete awareness to the audience that in the film Macbeth does not deserve to be executed however after reading the book it clearly gives the audience an insight of the real culprit, Lady Macbeth, since it was her evil deeds, in addition to her pushing Macbeth to extreme limits to where he did not want to go in the first place. To conclude, tragedy is built on the idea that the audience can sympathize with the tragic hero and therefore experience a strong emotional response at the ending. Roman Polanski’s film did not portray a proper tragedy because in the film, Donnalbain and his brother Malcolm had more of jealousy relationship compared to their relationship in the play, the focus of death was so different in the film as well because in the play Duncan’s Murder was an offset scene rather than an onset scene which was illustrated in the movie thus creating more violence and cruelty in the film, and lastly the difference in the characteristics of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the film and play. Therefore, this reveals that Roman Polanski did have prevailing film version on Macbeth but not a proper tragedy to grasp the genre of Shakespeare’s version of the play.

60s America Through Images Essay

The 1960s proved a tumultuous time for the United States in how there were so many historical developments in the mere space of a decade. Throughout the 60s Americans experienced and witnessed many events such as war, civil rights campaigns and protests, assassinations, technological developments and the emergence of a popular culture and counterculture. Photography came to the fore at the start of the 20th century and a huge emphasis was put on the visual to experience culture. The historical developments of the 60s can be seen clearly through the visual culture as they portray the historical events of the time through the medium of imagery. With the growing popularization of television, imagery could be rapidly distributed to each home and this is one of the main reasons that visual culture had such a profound effect on those who witnessed the events portrayed. â€Å"By the end of the decade 90% of Americans had access to television sets† this staggering amount of led to a high level of influence though reception of imagery. For instance when we look at the portrayal of the typical American family one would often see an image of a close-knit family sitting together watching television. In the space of a decade from the 1950s television was incorporated in the American family (see fig. 1. ). Pictures such as this defined the family of the late 50s early 60s and incorporated the television into American families. With the television being a vital part of family life there was a constant flow of imagery available for the family to view. We can clearly see through images such as this that the US population began to regularly consume what the television provided. The photograph captures the importance television as a family pastime and how it gradually became the main focus of family time. Therefore we can see that the visual culture through the media such as television, newspapers and the images they provided to the population had a serious impact on historical developments of the 1960s. Information was constantly received by the population usually alongside images of events and the visual culture affected the historical developments of the 60s in how it influenced reactions to events. It is also evident that visual culture heavily influenced the 1960s due to the amount of images and videos from the time that are still available for viewing today. Figure 1. Everett F. Baumgardner. Family watching Television. 1958. Photograph. Nation Archives and Records of Administration. http://web. archive. org/web/20071226081329/teachpol. tcnj. edu/amer_pol_hist/thu mbnail427. htm One of the most important events to happen in the 1960s which greatly affected the US was its part of was the Vietnamese War. The war had a vital part in the 60s decade as it spanned through the whole of the 60s up until 1975. The war was the first of its kind as it was reported in great detail through television and newspapers. Essentially the Vietnam War and visual culture of the time went hand in hand as the relationship between the two was constant throughout the 60s. For over a decade people could get a visual insight into the war which had never been available before and many believe this is one of the main reasons that the US lost the war. President Lyndon seen this and argued that â€Å"if the previous wars had been televised, the United States would not have preserved in fighting them. Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman would have lost support for their policies even as he lost support for his, forcing the abandonment of his campaign for his re-election. † It was due to the constant visual bombardment of the ugly realities of war on the US people that turned them against the war and forced many to protest the war (fig. 2 and fig. 3). Figure 2. Horst Faas. A father holds the body of a child. 1964. Photograph. Available at Photographer Collection: Horst Faas http://blogs. denverpost. com/captured/2012/05/15/photographer-collection-horst-faas-vietnam/5689/ . Figure3. Horst Faas. Lt. Col. George Eyster of Florida. 1966. Photograph. Available at Photographer Collection: Horst Faas http://blogs. denverpost. com/captured/2012/05/15/photographer-collection-horst-faas-vietnam/5689/ Photographers such as Horst Fass gained their reputation for showing the horrors of the Vietnamese war through their photographs. Faas captured some of the most controversial photographs that showed the suffering of both sides of the war. When we look at these photos we can see the influence of the Vietnamese War on the visual culture of the United States. Pictures such as these were received on a daily basis and they dominated the decade visually becoming some of the most well known images from the 60s and the war itself. The graphic pictures show the ugly side of the Vietnamese War and photographs such as the father clutching his daughter’s body in front of soldiers dealt with the death of civilians while the photo of injured soldiers showed frailty of US troops. At the time these photographs seen showed the truth about the war and Fass would go on to win a Pulitzer Prize for his work in Vietnam. When we look these images it is clear that both reflect on the dark chaos of the war and the ugly realities which the civilian population had never seen before. The visual culture greatly affected the population’s war morale as it provided frail images of US soldiers either dead or wounded something which was not shown in previous wars. The reporting of the Second World War and the Korean War was different in that it was filtered with most hearing reports through radio broadcasts and newspapers which were controlled by the government. By the 60s there had been major developments in media reporting in that they had become more liberated. By the 60s multiple channels were emerging with their own news reporters providing multiple stories and recounts of different parts of the war. Therefore there was a vast increase in the amount of broadcasts and images being sent into the American homes greatly influencing a majority of the population. With photographers such as Faas working in Vietnam and capturing images showing innocent civilians being killed the United States population saw an unseen side to its army throughout the Vietnamese war as the army was shown in a very negative view. It can clearly be seen that photographers such as Faas greatly influenced the visual culture of the US throughout the 60s and these images had a significant impact in historical developments leading to the war effort becoming unpopular and encouraging anti war efforts. Figure 4. Ron Haeberle. My Lai Massacre. 1968. Photograph. Available at Life Magazine. Vol. 67. No. 23 . The negative view of the US army was perhaps most emphasised in the My Lai massacre in 1968. Throughout past wars the US army was seen as a symbol of justice and a manifestation of the good in that they were fighting to save the world but with the emergence of images and reports of events such as the Mai Lai Massacre there morality and ethics were questioned. Some even compared the US army to the Germans of World War Two in their way of psychologically thinking. â€Å"Two researchers concluded that Americans were deflecting the responsibility with the same defence mechanism the Germans used to rationalize the Holocaust. † The photography which emerged from the massacre by Ron Haeberle shocked the world and spurred many of the US into protesting against the war. (Fig4. Here we can clearly see why many considered comparing the US army’s actions to that of the German holocaust, the brutality and graphic detail which Haeberle’s photos captured had never been so widely distributed before. The terror on the faces or the sheer number of bodies appearing in some of the images had not been captured on camera before and these pictures were seen by thousands when they were published in magazines such as Life and greatly affected the visual culture intake of the American population. These particular photos had a huge influence on historical developments later in the war such as the protests and the investigations into what happened in the war. From looking at images such as photographs taken from the 1960s we can clearly see that the Vietnam had a huge influence on visual culture at the time and visual culture that would later emerge in the 70s. This was due to the fact that the war took up so many aspects of American life as it was a constant through the entire decade of the 60s. Regular exposure to the ugly realities of battle is thought to have turned the public against the war, forcing withdrawal of American troops and leaving the way clear for eventual Communist victory. †The visual culture was hugely influenced by the Vietnam War in the 60s it was mostly through photography and videos shown to the public by the media but later it influenced visual culture through art such as sculpture and painting. After the war ended in 1975 countless memorials were erected and many artists were inspired by the photographs this is evident in the sculpture The Three Soldiers Memorial sculpted in 1984 by Frederick Hart displayed in Washington. From looking at the Vietnam War throughout the 60s it is evident that it influenced the future of the visual culture as much as the visual culture influenced the developments of the war. The 60s decade can be defined as a decade of social revolution within the US. Many different causes gained strength and a massive following through their protests to further their cause. During this decade many protested for different reasons such as anti-war campaigners and those looking for the equal rights. There were movements for many different causes such as the African American civil rights movement, Hispanic and Chicano movement and the Gay Rights movement. For example with the Vietnamese War came protests against the war throughout the 60s. Those who were influenced by the atrocities shown in reports and images sent from Vietnam protested avidly throughout the 60s hence we can say the visual culture of the US had a great influence on the historical developments of the 60s, However although in the 60s protesting became very popular it was introduced through the Civil Rights movements in the late fifties early 60s and its idea of peaceful protesting. The 60s became a time associated with protest due to the vast amounts of protests staged for different reasons throughout the 60s. One of the major protest movements of the 60s was the Civil Rights Movement. These protests initially started in the late 50s but peaked in the 60s and were a catalyst of many other protests in the 60s. Those who protested for civil rights did so in a peaceful way and this greatly influenced the other protests such as the anti-war protests. Once again we can see that the visual culture through the medium of photography greatly influenced the development of these protests. Once again the population of the US was provided with images shocking to behold. The most influential case is perhaps the protest in Birmingham Alabama in 196 where the police reacted with unneeded violence. â€Å"Many argue that the dramatic clashes between nonviolent civil rights demonstrators and southern law enforcement in Birmingham and Selma were the principle impetus behind the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, respectively. † Photographers of the time captured the violence of the police force and once again widely distributed and impacted on the community causing widespread support for the movement. When we look at what photographers such as Bill Hudson and Bob Adelman captured in their photographs we can see why the visual culture had such an impact on the historical developments regarding the Civil Rights Movement (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). The image of the youth being attacked by the police dog is very harrowing and controversial, through this image the US seen the severity of racism and its unneeded violence. This photo became a huge part of the visuality of the Civil Rights Campaign’s attempt to gain support from the rest of the US population due to the severity of the photo and how controversial it was. Meanwhile Hudson’s photo of the protestors grouping together to take cover from water cannons can be seen as a symbol of unification of the protestors against the oppression of the police force and the city of Birmingham. There are countless images such as these two that were taken from the Birmingham Campaign This protest was a rally point for the Civil Rights Campaign and the images taken from Birmingham united and encouraged other people to protest in the south. The visual culture greatly influenced the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement as the Birmingham protest was captured in photography and gave the rest of the US an insight into what was happening in the South. These images had a significant impact on 1960s America and provided a major boost for the campaign as it received national attention leading to desegregation and equal opportunity for the coloured population. This protest was a rally point for the Civil Rights Campaign and the images taken from Birmingham united and encouraged other coloured people to protest in the south. The visual culture greatly influenced the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement as the Birmingham protest was captured through the photographers and gave the rest of the US an insight into what was happening in the South. These images had a significant impact on 1960s America and provided a major boost for the campaign as it received national attention leading to the gradual desegregation of the US and eventual equal opportunity for the coloured population. Figure 5. Bill Hudson. Birmingham Protest. 1963. Photograph. Available at Iconic photos http://iconicphotos. wordpress. om/2010/06/26/birmingham/. Figure6. Bob Adelman. Ingram Park Birmingham. 1963. Photograph. Available at J. Paul Getty Museum. http://www. getty. edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails? artobj=258562 . The Civil Rights Movement provided an example of peaceful protest which became a popular way of protesting throughout the 60s. The social group which held a majority of the protests at the time were third level students . â€Å"From the civil rights demonstrations of the early sixties, students have turned to protest both the war in Vietnam and the policies of their schools. It is no exaggeration to give college students credit for making Vietnam a national issue. †They were influenced by the Civil Rights Movement and based their protests on the same ideology in peaceful protests. The 60s were a time of constant protest for students. The issues of the student protest movements range from racial discrimination, the war on poverty, and the war in Vietnam, to particular policies of the universities. However it was the anti- war protests that spurred the most conflict between the students and the authorities. The visual culture made impressions in developing the protests through the use of printing presses as seeing photos such as Faas’ or Adelman’s spurred the student bodies into action. With the emergence of the My Lai massacre and other such atrocities protests escalated to a climax at the end of the 60s with the Columbia University protests of 1968. Students discovered that the university was secretly affiliated with the Department of Defence’s weapon research and openly protested this affiliation with occupying university buildings and this eventually led to their violent removal. However it was this violence by the authorities that increased support for the protestors. â€Å"In his study of the Columbia Crisis in the spring of 1968, Barton (1968) found that the use of excessive police force against demonstrators had the effect of increasing the sympathy of faculty and students for the tactics (a sit-in and a general strike) employed by the demonstrators. † This violence recorded through the news and photographs once again captivated the US and encouraged many to take part in the protests (Fig. 7). The imagery taken from the by photographers such as Morris captured the harsh measures the authorities and when these pictures were published in newspapers and magazines people began to empathize with the protestors. It is evident in each movement that the media greatly influenced the historical developments through imagery such as photography. Through photography and the media it can be said that the visual culture impacted the outcome of many movements such as the African-American civil rights movements, the anti-war protests and the gradual end of the war. Figure 7. Larry C. Morris. Police forcing Columbia Students out. 968. Photograph. Available at The New York Times. Imagery was a huge part of protests throughout the 60s through photographs of the events but other visuals emerged with the protestor’s use of posters. With the gradual growth of homemade printing presses simple yet colourful posters began to emerge at protests. At protests there was a constant bombardment of simple yet very controversial. The poster entitled ‘it’s the real thing for S. E. Asia’ was simple, eye catching and precise the bright colour of the posters caught bystander’s eyes and presented its argument outwardly in the face of the public (Figure 8. . Posters such as the ‘it’s the real thing for S. E Asia’ were a common site at protests against Vietnam and mocked capitalism and the military tactics that were employed during the time. These protests were against the stupidity and brutality of the war emerged in the early 60s with controversial posters such as this one becoming a more common sight. Anti-war protests provided the majority of the controversial posters as they attempted to highlight the problems with the war. By nature these posters

Free Essays on The Evolution Of The Internet

The Internet has become an essential part of our lives. However, as we use it on a daily basis to communicate with family and friends, find information, look for jobs, pay bills, etc., we often do not stop to ponder where the internet originated. According to Nua Internet Surveys, 513.41 million people were online worldwide in August 2001. The Internet we know today and evolved from a government research program into the largest form of mass medium we know today. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) scientist J.C.R. Licklider first envisioned the Internet in August 1962. Licklider, who was Presidents Roosevelt’s science advisor during World War II, headed the first computer research program at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), as it was then known, a unit of the U.S. Department of Defense (Daily, p222.) The first Internet originated when (DARPA) began a network called ARPAnet in 1969. Designed as a computer version of the nuclear bomb shelter, ARPAnet protected the flow of information between military installations by creating a network of geographically separated computers that could exchange information via a newly developed protocol (rule for how computers interact) called NCP (Network Control Protocol). This meant that even if enemies knocked out portions of the network it would continue to function because the information sent would automatically find an alternate route to their destination. One opposing view to ARPAnet's origins comes from Charles M. Herzfeld, the former director of ARPA. He claimed that ARPANET was not created as a result of a military need, stating, "It came out of our frustration that there were only a limited number of large, powerful research computers in the country and that many research investigators who should have access were geographically separated from them" (Bellis, 3rd para.) Four computers were the first connected in the original ARPAnet. They were located in t... Free Essays on The Evolution Of The Internet Free Essays on The Evolution Of The Internet The Internet has become an essential part of our lives. However, as we use it on a daily basis to communicate with family and friends, find information, look for jobs, pay bills, etc., we often do not stop to ponder where the internet originated. According to Nua Internet Surveys, 513.41 million people were online worldwide in August 2001. The Internet we know today and evolved from a government research program into the largest form of mass medium we know today. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) scientist J.C.R. Licklider first envisioned the Internet in August 1962. Licklider, who was Presidents Roosevelt’s science advisor during World War II, headed the first computer research program at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), as it was then known, a unit of the U.S. Department of Defense (Daily, p222.) The first Internet originated when (DARPA) began a network called ARPAnet in 1969. Designed as a computer version of the nuclear bomb shelter, ARPAnet protected the flow of information between military installations by creating a network of geographically separated computers that could exchange information via a newly developed protocol (rule for how computers interact) called NCP (Network Control Protocol). This meant that even if enemies knocked out portions of the network it would continue to function because the information sent would automatically find an alternate route to their destination. One opposing view to ARPAnet's origins comes from Charles M. Herzfeld, the former director of ARPA. He claimed that ARPANET was not created as a result of a military need, stating, "It came out of our frustration that there were only a limited number of large, powerful research computers in the country and that many research investigators who should have access were geographically separated from them" (Bellis, 3rd para.) Four computers were the first connected in the original ARPAnet. They were located in t...

The Tempest How is Caliban presented and what is his dramatic significance to the play Essays

The Tempest How is Caliban presented and what is his dramatic significance to the play Essays The Tempest How is Caliban presented and what is his dramatic significance to the play Essay The Tempest How is Caliban presented and what is his dramatic significance to the play Essay Essay Topic: The Tempest Caliban is the son of Sycorax, a witch that originally inhabited (and so is the only true native) of the Island on which the play is set. He is the misshapen slave of Prospero who claimed the island as his own when he was banished to it 12 years previously.Prospero refers to him using earthly names, such as tortoise, making very clear quite early on that Caliban is not considered an equal by Prospero or Miranda. He is seen as a lower, uncivilised life-form because of the uneducated and primal state they originally met him in, making their actions to correct this mirror the current events during the Elizabethan period in regards to the discovery of the Americas. Shakespeare has used the character of Caliban to represent the natives of such countries, giving the role of the civilised invaders to Prospero and Miranda who attempt to educate Caliban in a bid to make him an acceptable person in the eyes of the society Prospero was usurped from. This was a failure, a s although they took pains to make [him] speak they could not rid him of his primal nature or his uneducated sense of morals and so he could see nothing wrong with endeavouring to rape Miranda. This was the point where Prospero stopped trying to nurture Caliban into a respectable man and started seeing him as filth. Shakespeare chose to include such an occurrence to highlight the fact that we cannot judge natives from undeveloped countries by western standards, as however much semantic knowledge they acquire, it is made completely redundant if they are taught western morals to which we feel they should abide by, making Caliban crucial to conveying this theme.Despite the deficient schooling, he is very close to the natural aspect of the island, which is shown in his passionate and almost poetic description of it (The isle is full of noises / Sounds and sweet airs that give delight and hurt not) which is quite contradictory to the image of poisonous slave that Prospero describes.The t heme of nature being tainted with magic is also explored in the character of Ariel, as well as Caliban and Shakespeare presents these two characters as almost a representation of good and evil. Another common characteristic is that they are both under the control of Prospero, but they respond to their captivity in very different ways. Caliban sees his imprisonment as an injustice as he claims This islands mine by Sycorax, my mother, which thou takst from me and so responds to his captor in a negative way, whereas Ariel remains on the good side of Prospero and so receives much better treatment. Ariel is described as his fine apparition and is an airy spirit which corresponds more to the elements, leaving Caliban discussing springs, brine pits keeping the connection between him and the earth very strong.The actions of Caliban towards the end of the play draw parallels with the actions of Antonio as well, in the way his ambition leads him to attempting to usurp Prospero from his positi on. The only difference is that Antonio actually achieves this, but the raw ambition that led them to commit the deeds are the same, which is demonstrated when he tells Stephano and Trinculo The dropsy drown this fool I what do you meanTo dote thus on such luggage? Lets alone, And do the murder first

Crafting the Argument Essay from Beginning to End

Crafting the Argument Essay from Beginning to End Crafting the Argument Essay from Beginning to End Argument essays require more than research and writing skills to be effective. You need to be able to collect information, analyze the information for the argument, and form an argument based on research. To write an argument essay, you need to create an evidence based position on the argument and be able to write it clearly to convince the audience of your side. You need to make sure you follow the steps of essay writing by brainstorm, prewriting, outlining, rough draft, and revision. With an argument essay, you have additional steps to gathering evidence to support your position, creating your position on the argument, and disputing the other side of the argument. Start off strong The start of your essay, or your introduction, needs to be informing and attention grabbing. Essays need strong statements at the beginning in order to catch the readers attention. These strong statements are known as hooks. Hooks sound like their job, because their function is to draw in the reader. These openers need to be exciting and informing. Background information of your problem is need to help your reader understand the problem and why it is important. Any type of essays need a thesis statement. Thesis statement presents your position in an argument paper. Planning to stay focused Essays need to be planned to stay on point and not get off topic. Outlines can be a good way to help you focus on your argument and to cover your position completely. A good argument has three or more strongly developed claims. Claims are statements you make to support your argument. Each claim needs to be backed up by evidence. Evidence can be found in the books and articles where you find your support for your position. The other side of the argument A strong argument addresses the other side of the argument. You have to be able to address their position and show that it is wrong. The best argument is what that is proven by your evidence it is right and the other side is proven to by wrong. Finish strong Now you have opened your argument, proven your argument, and disproven the other argument then the next step is to finish your essay strong. You need to restate the importance of your issue, not just the issue. Tell your audience why they need to take action. Explain to them what the world is like if they do not take action. Essays need good closure in order to end your argument well. If these steps are overwhelming to you, you can always reach out to Master Essays. We have a number of services to help you along the way and can be reached at 1-800-573-0840.

Proposed research topic Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proposed topic - Research Paper Example While making a direct contribution to economic development, the indirect effects also affect transportation, logistics and retail sales. These contributions constitute to the economy’s GDP growth of 45 percent. This is a significant indication of tourism as a powerful component with a multiplier economy effect. Globally, the total tourist population projects a strong continuous growth in the future. They key drivers to this population growth will be an increase in the ageing population in developed countries, higher levels of income, and lifestyle improvement. Because tourism is mainly leisure, an improving economy puts more population at a position of enjoying this leisure. Given that the tremendous tourism growth affects the wider Dubai region, there is need for correct forecasting of this trend demand in order to enhance decision making on the major infrastructural investments. Precise predicting will also enhance evaluation of conjunctural planning and situation for flow i n demand. This research study assesses the trend of growth in the tourism sector and the effects. It examines the main indicators of tourist activities as measured using several approaches such as the number of guest nights, destination visited, age of tourists and gender. Background In UAE, tourism is one of the most profitable sectors. In this region, this economic activity acts leverage to the government in maintaining income of several foreign currencies to the UAE region. The main attraction to tourists is shopping. Other key attraction includes modern and ancient culture of the people living in this region. In Middle East, the major shopping capital is in this region attracting investors and shoppers from Asia, Europe, Africana and other Middle East regions. In Dubai, tourists and other visitors get convenient access to shopping and sports conveniences, airports, hostels and resorts. Studies reveal that, between the years 2001 and 2009, UAE tourist sector experienced a boost a s the returns from the sector grew to Dh 41 billion. In another study, Ryan (2009) established that tourism had the main economic significance and played a significant role in the UAE developed. According to Stephenson and Ali-Knight (2010), the total economic impact from this sector amounted to Dh71 Billion. This study goes further to examine the capital investments together with the direct and indirect income generated from tourism and other economic activities. In his findings, Wakefield (2012) established that tourism contribution constituted to 7.8 percent of the economy’s GDP. The leading state was Dubai where the contribution was 7.6%. At the state level, the main tourism economy was Dubai at 66 percent. Closely following Dubai is Abu Dhabi at 17 percent and Sharjah with 9 percent of the tourism economy. In the year 2008, tourism sector experienced a deflation. This downward trend emerged from the global economic crisis. However, the deflation did not go beyond 15 perc ent. The tourism sector is also responsible for job creation in the UAE economy. According to an analysis of Inhorn (2011), the tourism sector employs 160, 053 people. While most of this labor is imported, the citizens are the main beneficiaries from these employment opportunities. Studies have examined the economic effect of tourists in UAE from three perspectives. One of these perspectives is the direct effect. This

Aloha Airlines Flight 243 Aircraft Accident Report Essay

Aloha Airlines Flight 243 Aircraft Accident Report - Essay Example The main cause being the failure of an epoxy adhesive which is used to bond aluminum sheets of the fuselage together. Two sheets, not bond properly creates a gap through which water seeps in and corrosion begins, as the corrosive parts have a greater volume than the underlying metal, the two sheets are forced apart resulting in the increase of stress on the rivets (which are also used) for holding them together. Taking into account that the aircraft was 19 years old at the time of the accident it had already surpassed its takeoff-landing cycles , it should have been subjected to a full uninterrupted inspection rather than the longer and extensive â€Å"D Check† which was performed in morning installments, furthermore â€Å"eddy-current testing’ inspection on the fuselage skin was lacking. A crack was noticed by a passenger who didn’t notify anyone, as the aircraft had already surpassed its takeoff-landing cycles (compression and decompression cycles), this crack s inevitably due to metal fatigue. Matt Austin came up with another reason for the accident after studying the disintegration of the fuselage of the aircraft. This states that at first, the fuselage failed to open a 10-inch vent through which the cabin air escaped at 700mph, flight attendant C.B.Lansing got sucked into the vent instead of being thrown off the aircraft. This blockage instantly caused an increase in pressure which inadvertently acted as a fluid hammer and tore the jet apart. The structural failure of the 19year old Boeing 737 stressed on creating awareness of aging aircraft throughout the aviation industry. The multiple site fatigue was the cause of the structural damage which primarily was due to the failure and negligence of the operator maintenance program which is supposed to track and detect corrosion damage.

Anything that expresses my belief system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anything that expresses my belief system - Essay Example No doubt everyone would think that is the most inhuman thing to a person. Why then do some people think abortion should be a human right when it is clear that it contravenes the moral pillars of our society? Many people thin that abortion is a fundamental human right that should be observed. I was one ardent support of abortion until my interaction with Juliet, a pro-life activist, who is now a good friend of mine. It was around 10 a.m. on a Saturday when I and my friend Rose set for an appointment with a doctor who was to perform an abortion for Rose. As we were travelling to the hospital, which was far off our residential area for fear of meeting people who knew us, I kept mulling over many things. What if this unborn child could be the future president of this country? What if the procedure goes wrong and Rose would never have another baby? What if our parents had done the same thing, would we be there today? The questions kept flooding my mind, but I would not confront my friend to stop what she had planned for an entire fortnight. As we sat patiently waiting for our turn with the doctor, a young beautiful lady approached us. She seemed to have known what service we were seeking. â€Å"My dear sister, abortion is not the best thing to do. Imagine if your mother had done the same thing to you, where would you be? It is ungodly and violates the child’s right to life†. These words keep ringing on my mind every moment I hear the word â€Å"abortion†. Despite all her attempts to woo Rose from aborting her baby, she insisted. Unfortunately, things never went well and Rose later succumbed from some complication she developed after procuring the abortion. Her inhumane behavior as Juliet put it turned against her. Kant morality emphasizes reason, duty and good will (Hill 20). Kant argues that we should pursue moral perfection. In many societies, moral values hold that murder is wrong. This universal agreement is what Kant refers

Luxury Consumption in China Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Luxury Consumption in China - Literature review Example Despite of these challenges, the luxury industry still is becoming highly attractive as the affordability of consumers is also increasing. As the middle class in the world is gaining strength and becoming more loyal to luxury branded goods, luxury industry still have a number of lucrative market segments to be catered. It was estimated in 2003, that the financial returns of luxury goods manufacturing industry globally was $ 90 billion, which crossed the $ 150 billion mark in 2007. By offering services and products to the untapped market segments, the luxury industry is expected to increase the size of its returns by $ 400 billion by the end of year 2015 (Heaney et al., 2005). As the size of luxury branded goods industry is increasing, the format of business is also changing. Now, luxury goods manufacturing businesses are no more privately or family owned business, but transforming into public limited companies. In this manner, the luxury branded goods industry is attracting investments from all around the world which enables them to invest heavily on research and development to understand consumer behavior. Understanding consumer behavior is essential for expanding the size of luxury businesses into untapped international markets. The understanding of consumer behavior has delivered its fruits in recent years, which is evident from the dramatic expansion of industry’s size in India, China, South Africa and Brazil. Especially China has remained the front runner, where consumers are becoming more brand conscious and spending lavishly on purchase of luxury branded goods (Michman & Mazze, 2006). ... Especially China has remained the front runner, where consumers are becoming more brand conscious and spending lavishly on purchase of luxury branded goods (Michman & Mazze, 2006). Being the fastest growing economy in the world, China offers the biggest market place to luxury brands. The increase in the economic development has resulted in the increase in personal incomes of Chinese consumers. Due to this, a large section of the consumers has formed a market segment which is wealthy and social stimulators, which is described as the â€Å"new rich†. This segment of the market has the tendency to live a celebrity lifestyle and satisfy their desire for expensive and sophisticated goods and services (Dubois et al., 2005). According to a research of Ernst and Young, it was estimated that by the end of 2015, China would account for 29% consumption of luxury goods and services in the world. This rate of consumption would cause China to become the 2nd largest consumer of luxury goods and services in the world. This is the reason, that heavy investments are made by luxury brands to understand the consumer behavior of Chinese consumers, so that the product and marketing strategies can be developed accordingly (Ernst & Young, 2005). Keeping in view the lucrative opportunities available to luxury brands in China, a number of these brands has installed production facilities in the country. These include Bally, Gucci, Ferragamo and Luis Vuitton. Other brands like Zara, Jimmy Choo and others are preparing their action plans to enter Chinese market as a local producer of luxury goods, to take full advantage of lucrative opportunities in the country. Beside factories in China, a number of luxury brands have their subsidiaries, operational facilities and stores in

Managerial Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Managerial Skills - Essay Example Managers and all other employees need to constantly plan how they will be able to communicate with their fellow managers and other employees for good communication to be able to take place in any organization. At times, it may also be important for managers and other staff members to evaluate exactly what they will need to wear to meetings and other gatherings within the work area, so as to evaluate the impact that that particular mode of dressing will eventually have on the various conversations that the individual will engage in. However, one aspect of all interpersonal communication skills not only within organizations but also among individuals outside the organization that is constantly seen to receive the least attention to is the listening aspect (Collins and Rourke, 2009). It is fairly rare to find individuals planning on how they will listen to conversations so as to be able to accurately and quickly respond to them (Wolvin, 2011), however, listening is arguably one of the k ey pieces in an individual’s interpersonal communications skill set. ... s of written communication, workers also spend about 13.3% of their time on average engaged in reading while they also spent a whooping 23% of their time speaking. However, these figures comparatively dim in light of the fact that they usually spend about 55% of their total time at work engaged in listening. Managers who clock an average of about 60% of their time listening are seen to spend even more time at work engaged in listening. While company executives spend an event higher amount of time of approximately 75% engaged in listening (Collins and Rourke, 2009). The key problem in the listening aspect of most organizations lies in the fact that individuals generally tend to get a dismal 50% of all that happens to be said to them. They also only manage to retain only about 25% of what has been said to them with after a time frame of about 48 hours (Thomas, 2007). These figures tend to portray a relatively dim image of the overall development of listening skills in organizations. Th e fundamental objectives that will be targeted by this paper will to essentially try to highlight the importance of the development of adequate listening skills. To do this, the paper will essentially cover some of the individual theoretic concepts that are found to be key in the evaluation of listening skills. The paper will also look to address my own individual action plans in relation to the development of my own listening skills as well as highlighting my achievements during the development of my own listening skills. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 What are Listening Skills? 5 Theories of Listening Skills 6 Individual Report 8 The Application of the Theory of Attentive Listening to the Development of my Listening Skills 9 Measures of Achievement 10 The Application of the Theory

Classroom Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Classroom Management - Essay Example This essay explores the classroom management field that demonstrates the progression of ensuring that teaching and impartation of knowledge is undisturbed by undesired students who through disruptive behavior can cause disturbance while a class is in session. The researcher states that application of management in a classroom at times can prove to be intricate while trying to teach and experiencing such crisis can cause teachers to depart. The reason behind for the departure of teachers from the teaching field is caused by the attitudes and discipline of the negative students. Classroom management can be based on motivation, discipline and respect. Every academic year witnesses the adoption of various rules and systems but unfortunately by the middle of the term most often these rules are broken. The researcher suggests that in order to understand as to how to implement CM one needs to understand the mentality of every student. Various approaches of classroom management, such as the self discipline approach wherein the student can be trusted to investigate and change their behavioral pattern. The Desist approach that was also presented in the essay proclaims that the teacher has full responsibility in controlling the classroom. In conclusion, the researcher states that the most important aspect is to construct a positive relationship between the teacher and student thereby creating a constructive educational atmosphere and sums up that every student should develop a sense of trust, sovereignty and inventiveness.

Managerial Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Managerial Skills - Essay Example Managers and all other employees need to constantly plan how they will be able to communicate with their fellow managers and other employees for good communication to be able to take place in any organization. At times, it may also be important for managers and other staff members to evaluate exactly what they will need to wear to meetings and other gatherings within the work area, so as to evaluate the impact that that particular mode of dressing will eventually have on the various conversations that the individual will engage in. However, one aspect of all interpersonal communication skills not only within organizations but also among individuals outside the organization that is constantly seen to receive the least attention to is the listening aspect (Collins and Rourke, 2009). It is fairly rare to find individuals planning on how they will listen to conversations so as to be able to accurately and quickly respond to them (Wolvin, 2011), however, listening is arguably one of the k ey pieces in an individual’s interpersonal communications skill set. ... s of written communication, workers also spend about 13.3% of their time on average engaged in reading while they also spent a whooping 23% of their time speaking. However, these figures comparatively dim in light of the fact that they usually spend about 55% of their total time at work engaged in listening. Managers who clock an average of about 60% of their time listening are seen to spend even more time at work engaged in listening. While company executives spend an event higher amount of time of approximately 75% engaged in listening (Collins and Rourke, 2009). The key problem in the listening aspect of most organizations lies in the fact that individuals generally tend to get a dismal 50% of all that happens to be said to them. They also only manage to retain only about 25% of what has been said to them with after a time frame of about 48 hours (Thomas, 2007). These figures tend to portray a relatively dim image of the overall development of listening skills in organizations. Th e fundamental objectives that will be targeted by this paper will to essentially try to highlight the importance of the development of adequate listening skills. To do this, the paper will essentially cover some of the individual theoretic concepts that are found to be key in the evaluation of listening skills. The paper will also look to address my own individual action plans in relation to the development of my own listening skills as well as highlighting my achievements during the development of my own listening skills. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 What are Listening Skills? 5 Theories of Listening Skills 6 Individual Report 8 The Application of the Theory of Attentive Listening to the Development of my Listening Skills 9 Measures of Achievement 10 The Application of the Theory

Advantages of Living with Parents in College Essay Example for Free

Advantages of Living with Parents in College Essay When we see graduation caps in the sky, accompanied with laughter, applause and cry, it is a signal that we just welcome ourselves to the new world after high school. As we step into a college world as a new and fresh collegian, there are many facets that we have to think and decide, especially accommodation. Some people choose to live in the college dorms – making new friends and having more social activities, some other choose to share a house with couple of housemates, or just simply rent a flat and live independently. But, there are some that just decide to stay in town and live with their family. This last choice has three main advantages that we can consider: expense, support, and facilities. The first basic advantage of living with family, or parents, is expense. Imagine hearing your door knocked in the morning, and facing your landlord who demands your rent paid as the start of the day? Or when you can’t dial any number in the phone because you haven’t paid the telephone bill? And, the worst, when you don’t even have enough money to buy yourself breakfast because your parents haven’t sent you any monthly money? Well, you won’t have that drove of problems when you live with your parents. Expenses like food (especially healthy and delicious food), telephone, electricity, and many other will be covered by your parents, so that you can still save your own personal money. You don’t even have to pay more for movies or other leisure things when you hang out with your family. This first aspect of living with family is very, very efficient and helpful to save money! Another important facet of living with your parents is support. Being with family and living in your own home help you a lot when you have your transition phase from high school or college. It would be easier not to face other transition major adaptations, like being lonely in your own room, feeling aloof from family, meeting new hostile roommate who you are not connected to and start to adjust your own finance. You will have your family right beside you, and you will always feel like home. You will also be discipline and controlled since you still have curfew and ‘parents rules’. You can also keep your old friends around you, and you won’t even have to give up your old routines like playing tennis with your dad every Saturday or working in the grotesque diner down the street. This second advantage can make you feel like you are still the old you and you don’t even have to give up a thing. Last but not least, facilities can also be another advantage of living with your parents. You will still have anything you need for college like computer, electricity, internet, printer, scanner, or even fax machine, and they are all for free! Yet again, no expenses wasted. You also don’t have to wait the jamming docket bus that comes late in the morning, because you have transportation that keeps you punctual – somehow going to college in your mum’s car is okay! There won’t be any piling laundry because they are all taken care of. You can also have your own bathroom with hot water and hairdryer, plus clean towels every night. The point is it will be much easier for you to have your needed facility when you’re at home, especially without spending any cent. Living outside your house, like in the dorms or flats, won’t give you this kind of comfort. These three advantages show us that living with parents might be embarrassing and less challenging, but it can be considered since it saves a lot of money and gives you a lot of comfort and support. It can even be less expensive than sharing a house with other housemates! From not paying much of expenses, living in your old room every night, and having more facilities, doesn’t it sound like fun?

What Is Employee Engagement Management Essay

What Is Employee Engagement Management Essay In todays global world, in spite of the availability of modern and advance technology the human resource of an organization can not be ignored. It is in fact the talent of the employees that determines the success of an organization. The retention of talent helps organizations to gain competitive edge over rivals. Thus, every organization in 21st century is conscious about the engagement of its employees as it enhances employee performance and plays an important role in the achievement of desirable outcomes as productivity, profitability and turnover. Thus the purpose of writing this paper is to explore the drivers of employee engagement. The study also looks at Gallups employee engagement questionnaire that helps measure the level of employees engagement. What is employee engagement? The term employee engagement needs to be clearly understood by every organization. Some organizations perceive it as job satisfaction others say its the emotional attachment towards the organization. William H. Kahn (1990) defined employee engagement as the harnessing of organization members selves to their work roles; in engagement people employ and express themselves physically, cognitively and emotionally during role performance. Therefore to build an engaged workforce employees must be both emotionally and cognitively involved in job activities. There are a number of external and internal factors that help measure the level of employee engagement. External factors include organization environment; its culture and values, manager-subordinate relationship, relationships with co-workers, monetary benefits and appraisals. Whereas internal factors include the personal values of employee, personality type and commitment to work. Gallups research on employee engagement shows that there is a strong relationship between well being of an employee and the level of their engagement. An engaged employee is efficient an effective for the organizational outcomes. Review of Literature It is the manger who must create an environment for the employees to be both cognitively and emotionally engaged. And self efficacy may positively affect and enhance employee engagement- management effectiveness relationship. (Luthans Peterson, 2002). Research shows a strong relationship between employee engagement and desired outcomes of an organization such as productivity, employee retention, safety and customer service. (Beverly and Philip, 2006). There is considerable difference between job engagement and organization engagement. There several predictors of job engagement and organization engagement and both are related to individual consequences. (Alan, 2006). For a successful business employees should be engaged through effective communication. Therefore an organization should give priority to its human resource so that its employees can stand by in competition. (Nitin Vazirani, 2007). Amanda Ferguson in Employee Engagement; either it exists or if it does exist then how does it relate to performance. According to Amanda there is no proper and consistent definition of employee engagement and it measured the finding of Gallup organization i.e. what ever engagement might be, unfortunately the longer employee stay with an organization less engaged they become. William H. Macey and Benjamin Schneider in the Meaning of Employee Engagement wrote that an organization should establish conditions for the physical, emotional and behavioral employee engagement as it the key to competitive edge. Dr. Ram and Dr. Prabhakar (2011), in The role of Employee Engagement in work related outcomes studied that if an organization manages the engagement of its workforce it will resultantly enhance the motivation of its employees, increase their productivity, and decrease employee turnover rate. He also found that organizations that have an environment of learning and develop its employees have more engaged workforce. The level of employee engagement is determinant of productivi ty, employee motivation and retention. Markos and Sridevi (2010) wrote Employee Engagement; the key to Improving Performance in which they studied employee engagement positively affects the desired outcomes of an organization. Organizations with an engaged workforce can achieve its performance outcomes such as productivity, profitability, growth and customer satisfaction. Employee engagement has direct effect on productivity and growth. If employees are engaged they will try level best to fulfill their job responsibilities which will consequently lead to not only increase in organization productivity but will also enhance the self performance of employee. In the world of globalization only those organizations which have highly engaged workers can survive and grow. (Al-Aamri 2010). If an organization communicates effectively that change is necessary then employees can be engaged in their work, which will help the organization in implementation of its change strategy. (Sonenshien and Dholakia). Mentoring has a strong direct effect on every dimension of employee engagement. For the purpose of mentoring a web-based system should be adopted by an organization as it is the low cost method to monitor and improve the attitudes of employees. (Triple Creek, Employee Engagement research). How employees feel about their job as a direct impact on their work experience and it also effects the organization outcomes such as customer satisfaction, sales and profit. (Bulgarella 2005) Conclusion and Recommendations The term employee engagement is not yet defined properly and its definition is not consistent. Most of the research conducted on employee engagement considers its antecedents and consequences. The main focus of researchers has been the drivers of engagement and disengagement. But an organization can engage its employees only if the employees have the desired attitude. Therefore an organization should train its employees to change their attitudes if they want to properly manage workforce engagement. Further we reviewed the Gallups employee engagement questionnaire which is very much influential in business research as it can be used effectively for the empirical measurement of employee engagement.

Slovenias transition from labor managed economy to privately owned capitalism :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1991 following a ten day military resistance to the Yugoslav National Army, Slovenia achieved its independence. Since then the country has established itself through economic prosperity and stability that is not always the case for countries transforming from a communist dominated system. During the period that Slovenia was a part of Yugoslavia the government consisted of a socialist system dominated by the communist party with most aspects of political power centered at regional levels. As a part of Yugoslavia Slovenia made up one fifth of its GDP and since its independence it has maintained a consistent GDP growth rate of 4% and has been successful in its transformation to a market dominated system by taking a policy of diversification of trade and an advocate of bilateral and regional free trade agreements.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Slovenia is a small country in central Europe. It borders the Adriatic Sea and lies between Austria and Croatia. Slovenia is slightly smaller than New Jersey and has a population of just over two million people. Its strong historical ties to Western Europe along with many other factors such as a literacy rate of 99.7% have resulted in Slovenia enjoying a much higher per capita GDP than other transitioning economies in Central Europe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The policy change that Slovenia experienced upon its independence involved a change from labor managed enterprises to a privately owned capitalist system. This task involves the privatization of the entire market from a socially owned and planned system. The changes to the labor market that took place were the transformation from wage controls to a competitive labor market. This was not as big of an issue in Slovenia due to the negative influence that labor-managed enterprises had on wage and price controls. The attempts to distance itself from central planning and the ideal of a functioning labor market is one of the primary reasons that Slovenia has made the transition to a capitalist economy with relative ease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Towards the late 1980s the Yugoslav government recognized the need for economic change in order to prevent stagflation from occurring and to spur production. Actions taken included â€Å"liberalizing prices, wages, imports, and personal foreign currency accounts, which together would bring about equilibrium of relative prices.† These stabilization policies allowed corporations to act more autonomously and set the stage for the eventual transition to a capitalist economy by Slovenia after its independence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prior to the Slovene independence in 1991, the Yugoslav economy was based on labor-managed enterprises and basic price and wage controls.

Walmart Competitive Analysis :: Business Case Study

Wal-mart case analysis Competitive advantage and competitive dynamics What might explain Wal-Mart’s performance over time in discount retailing? Is it the industry or company specific factors? Post Second World War, the style of style of retailing in the US evolved into discount merchandizing. At the time, Wal-Mart was quick enough to ride the tide and develop an overall cost leadership model that allowed it to emerge as a leader in the market in the discount retailing space. Wal-Mart’s performance driven by overall cost leadership Wal-Mart’s strategy over time helped it establish leadership position in discount retailing. It used rural underserved markets to announce its arrival. It also used innovation levers, customer centricity, positioning as a low cost player, and effective stakeholder management including employees, suppliers, and stockholders to achieve distinctive competitive advantage. It successfully outperformed other firms in the industry leveraging its strategy to achieve overall cost leadership. The experience curve concept and was successfully adopted by Wal-Mart. The various levers it used to achieve cost leadership included, |Achieving economies of scale |Rapidly expand geographical footprint as well as number of stores, variety of stores, and store sizes | |Vigorous pursuit of cost reductions |Aggressively deploy buyer’s negotiating power saving as estimated additional 3-4% |

Knowledge and justified true belief

Prior to Edmund Gettier, philosophers believed that knowledge was equivalent to justified true belief.   Since Plato, it had generally been agreed among philosophers that there are three criteria of propositional knowledge, individually necessary and jointly sufficient (Pryor, 2005; Cushing, 2000).   Before the Gettier philosophy, the following JTB Analysis (justification, truth, and belief) formed the basis of the theory of knowledge: â€Å"S knows that P iff: P is true (truth criterion) S believe that P (belief criterion) S is justified in believing P (justification criterion)† A classic example of the above proposition would be the one by Carl Ginet on fake barns.   A person is driving through rural Pennsylvania where there are a lot of fake barns: mere wooden fronts that look like barns from the road.   The person driving through is not aware of this and has no reason to suspect it.   As the person looks off to his or her right, and sees something that looks like a barn, then that person believes, â€Å"That’s a barn.†Ã‚   As a matter of fact, it is a barn, as it is one of the few barns in the region which is not a fake.   But then that person would just be lucky.   If he or she had looked at a fake barn instead, then he or she would have believed that it was a barn (Pryor, 2005). In this case then it would seem that the person’s belief that he or she drove by a barn is justified or reasonable simply because it looks like a barn and the person was not informed that the region was full of fake barns.   Then in this case, the person’s belief is also true.   But then the question is if that person knows that he or she is driving by a barn (Pryor, 2005). It seems then that justified true belief is not sufficient for knowledge.   It is this theory that Edmund Gettier is criticizing. Exposition Gettier’s main objection is to the claim that justified true belief is sufficient for knowledge.   He presented examples in which the subject has a justified true belief which intuitively fails to count as knowledge (Pryor, 2005).   He does not question whether the three criterion are each necessary.   Rather, what Gather provides is that these propositions are not jointly sufficient.   In other words, Gettier provides that we can justifiably believe the true proposition P but not necessarily know P (Cushing, 2000). In his philosophy, Gettier (1963) makes two important points.   First, the proposition wherein S is justified in believing P is a necessary condition of S’s knowing that P is open to the possibility that a person is justified in believing a proposition that is in fact false. The second point is that for any proposition P, if S is justified in believing P, and P entails Q, and S deduces Q from P and accepts Q as a result of this deduction, then S is justified in believing Q (Gettier, 1963).  Ã‚   Stated differently, these two points represent two assumptions: 1) it is possible for someone to be justified in believing something false; and 2) if S is justified in believing P and P entails Q, then S is justified in believing Q (Cushing, 2000). A classic Gettier example to illustrate these two points or assumptions would be the one about the Ford car.   Suppose a person called Smith has a justified belief   that someone in his office owns a Ford.   It is also true, as a matter of fact, that someone in the office does indeed own a Ford.   However, Smith’s evidence for his belief concerns Jones, from his office, who as it turns out does not own a Ford.   Smith’s belief that someone in the office owns a Ford is true because someone else in the office owns a Ford (not Jones). The person who in fact owns a Ford is actually, for example, called Brown.   Yet all of Smith’s evidence concerns Jones, and not Brown, so it seems that intuitively, Smith doesn’t know that someone in his office owns a Ford.   It would seem then that Smith doesn’t know, even though Smith has a justified belief that someone owns a Ford, and as it turns out, this belief happens to be true (Pryor, 2005). From the above example, it would seem that Smith has a justified belief in a true proposition (in that someone in his office owns a Ford), but this is not to say that he has knowledge of that proposition (since the owner of the Ford is Brown, not Jones, as Smith thought).  Ã‚   What Gettier (1963) thus tells is that even if the three criterion composed of truth, belief, and justification are individually necessary for knowledge, they are not jointly sufficient (Cushing, 2000).   This has been widely called as the Gettier Problem (Pryor, 2005; Cushing, 2000; Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2006). Thus, the JTB Analysis, previously mentioned as the existing proposition prior to the Gettier problem, does not state a sufficient condition for someone’s knowing a given proposition (Gettier, 1963).  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the example given on the Ford, the Gettier problem arises because of the proposition that a person knows that someone owns a Ford based on evidence that falls short of certainty.   If knowledge requires absolutely certain evidence, then the person Smith in the Ford example would not be in a position to know that someone owns a Ford .   His (Smith’s) evidence after all was not absolutely certain or infallible because he was mistaken as to who owned the Ford (Pryor, 2005). Assuming that Gettier’s philosophy is correct, then a possible solution to the Gettier problem then would be that knowledge is justified true belief where the reasoning on which a person’s belief is based on does not proceed through any false steps or falsehood (Pryor, 2005).   However, the Gettier examples need not involve any inference, so there may be cases of justified true belief in which the subject fails to have knowledge although the S’s belief that P is not inferred from any falsehood. The lesson from the Gettier problem then is that the justification condition by itself cannot ensure that belief that is true cannot be mistakenly identified as knowledge.   Even a justified belief (which is belief based on good evidence), can be true because of luck (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2006), such as the example on the Ford car wherein Smith’s belief that someone owns a car is true in the sense that someone (Brown) does indeed own a car, but Smith’s justified belief or good evidence as to the someone who owns the Ford actually pertains to someone else (Jones). Assuming that Gettier is correct, a possible option for working out an account of what knowledge is.  Ã‚   Knowledge is justified true belief absent luck or accident.  Ã‚   Gettier’s fourth condition to knowledge (on the absence of falsehood) is not necessary as his cases indicate that a person can still hold on to a true belief based on luck or accident.   The third criterion in the JTB Analysis, on justification, itself requires that luck be excluded (Sudduth, 2005).   Thus, justified true belief may be sufficient for knowledge only if you eliminate luck or accident. Conclusion According to Gettier (1963), justified true belief can fail to constitute knowledge.   Justified true belief may not be sufficient for knowledge, and he further tells us that the three criterion of truth, belief, and justification are not jointly sufficient.   Gettier proposes a third condition, that true belief should not be based on any falsehood.   However, his philosophy involves the elements of luck or accident which allows the subject to hold on to a true belief.   Thus, it would seem that justified true belief may be sufficient for knowledge providing luck or accident are eliminated from the justification criterion. REFERENCE Cushing, Simon.   (2000).   Edmund Gettier: â€Å"Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?†Ã‚   University of Michigan-Flint.   Retrieved November 1, 2006 from Gettier, Edmund L.   (1963).   Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?   Analysis 23: 121-123.   Transcribed into hypertext by Andrew Chrucky, September 13, 1997.   Retrieved November 1, 2006 from: http://www.ditext.com/gettier/gettier.html Pryor, Jim.   (Spring 2004).   Theory of Knowledge – The Gettier Problem.   Princeton University.   Retrieved November 1, 2006 from: http://www.jimpryor.net/teaching/courses/epist/notes/gettier.html Sudduth, Michael.   (2005).   Justification and the Gettier Problem.   Dr. Michael Sudduth’s Philosophy Courses Webpage.   Retrieved November 1, 2006 The Analysis of Knowledge.   (January 16, 2006). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.   Retrieved November 1, 2006 from: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/   

The history of Non Commission Officer ( NCO)

A non-commissioned officer is also known as an NCO or Noncom, is an enlisted member of an armed force. NCO is given authority by a commissioned officer. In general, the NCO corps includes all the grades of sergeant and, in some militaries, corporals and warrant officers and in naval some or all grades of petty officer. If we look at the history of NCO in United States, it began in 1775, with the birth of the Continental Army. As the years went by the American political system, disregard for the aristocracy, social attitudes, and the vast westward expanses further removed the U.S. Army noncommissioned officer from his European counterparts and created exclusively an American noncommissioned officer. During the early days of American Revolution, little standardization of NCO ditties or responsibilities existed. From the American Revolution to World War II, there were a lot of transformations that happened. For instance, the noncommissioned officer received his promotion from the regimental commander. Besides, entire careers were often spent within one regiment and if a man was transferred from one regiment to the next he did not take his rank with him. The General in Chief of the Army was always required to give permission to be transferred noncommissioned officer from one regiment to another which was rarely done. In the year 1825 the first attempt was made to establish a systematic method for noncommissioned officer selection. The selection of regimental and company noncommissioned officers remained the privilege of the regimental commander. Regimental commanders were expected to accept the company commander's recommendations for company NCOs unless there were overriding considerations. During the last half of the 19th Century the increase of technology accompanied modernization greatly that affected the NCO Corps. Besides, the number of NCO ranks grew rapidly and each new introduction of technology created another pay grade. Though till the 19th century the duties of NCOs were not clearly defined, in the last half of the 19th Century the duties of the noncommissioned officer were clearly defined. The five or six pages of instructions, provided by von Steuben's Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States in 1778 grew to 417 pages when the Noncommissioned Officers Manual was printed in 1909. Today as the Noncommissioned Officer Education System continues to grow, the history and tradition combines with skill and ability to prepare for battle. A NCO retains the duties and responsibilities given to him by von Steuben in 1778, and these have been built upon to produce the soldier of the present day (Arms n.pag, 1989). A good NCO serves as administrative or training personnel and as advisors to the officer corps. Therefore they need to be faithful and ethically strong. Their most important function is as a link between the ‘common soldier' and the (commissioned) officer. Senior NCOs are also often responsible for giving on-the-job training to the junior officers. Therefore a combination of knowledge, skills and attitude is essential for a NCO. Moral competence include five main components- the ability to recognize a moral dimension; The ability to define the moral dimension of a situation or dilemma and to describe which values are at issue; The ability to communicate the judgement towards others effectively; The will to act upon one’s decision; and To be accountable for one’s actions (Verweij 28). The Non-Commissioned Officer is considered as the backbone of the Armed Forces. The NCO is expected to be a commander, trainer and combat leader. He also serves as a role model for his team of soldiers. Therefore, a good NCO need to have strong moral values (Wortel and Schoenmakers n.pag, 2006). An NCO must lead by example and train his team of soldiers to a high level of proficiency and readiness in their team skills. Therefore it can be said that an NCO's job is to get things done without having to be told first by a commissioned officer. Work Cited Arms, L.R. A Short History of the NCO (1989) U.S. Army Sergeants Major Academy, Command and General Staff College. 27 October 2007. ;http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/arms/arms.asp; Verweij D.E.M., Het belang van Militaire Ethiek voor de Krijgsmacht in Carrà © 7/8 (2005) p.28. Wortel, E.M. and Schoenmakers, J.P.M Teaching Military Ethics, J-SCOPE January 26-27, 2006,   27 October 2007. ;http://www.usafa.edu/isme/JSCOPE06/Wortel-Schoenmakers06.html; ;

Information Technology Profession Essay

Information Technology plays an important role in today’s society. It plays the role of an enabler of social goals as well as business objectives of the organizations. IT professionals are involved in creating IT infrastructure and communication networks. Another set of IT professionals create applications that run on these IT infrastructure and network. These applications help to deliver with speed, the social programs of governments as well as enable business transactions to be conducted with accuracy, speed and ease. With the Internet access gaining popularity and the increasing volume and variety of information, the information technology has revolutionized the world with the IT professionals leading the change. IT as a profession has the primary responsibility of implementing projects and programs which can help in realizing the goals of an organization. Implementing IT requires a thorough understanding of business processes, knowledge of technologies available and working with a group of people who deliver as a team. At times, the technology bit is a small portion of the entire IT work, though a very important one. Technology roles in IT comprise of hardware and network professionals, programmers, database and storage professionals, software testers and project managers. A very important set of IT professionals are those who maintain and support the IT applications. These are people who ensure that the systems are always available for business use. Support professionals ensure the integrity and stability of the IT applications post implementation. IT requires a good educational background with some amount of proven analytical skills. IT professionals develop and mature in their careers over a period of time and so the people who are required in IT are essentially educated and intelligent people but they are not offered a fast paced career as they think they deserve. Data shows the level of declining interests in the field of computing research (Zweben, 2008). Also, the current negative perception of the job market is seen as the prime factor for the decline in the American students opting for IT as a career. There is a wide perception that the jobs in IT are endangered due to outsourcing (Murphy, 2008). This is not so. The US has the highest number of IT professionals and the only jobs outsourced are the ones which can be done by a lower level of skills. Most of the job portals offer a range of IT jobs and one should be able to gather information about various types of IT career options from job portals as well as IT organizations websites.